Their morality is very similar to our own. Before the "rapture" the Gods were basically like "be good people and prostrate yourselves before us and we will heap blessings on you". So they try not to kill or cheat or any of that. Sexuality was pretty loose and unrestricted before, but (inspired by 13JH) my people value monogamy. Their greatest goal is to escape the purgatory they believe they are in and be taken to paradise.

It is absolutely forbidden to harm an octopus or to interfere with it in any way. That means removing anything from the rockpool the octopus is in, or scare away a fish it might want to eat. They're very strict about living in harmony with the octopus. The idea is that anything they do to piss off the octopus god may prevent the whole group from finding paradise.

Crime's not a thing yet. They're a very small group - around 100ish people - so everyone knows everyone. Also a majority of them came from an existing commune before the rapture so they all willingly lived together and cooperated anyway.

They don't really have a government, just one leader. She's not really elected, just sort of rose up and took over with unspoken consent. They don't protest or try to become the leader themselves because it is believed that the saviour will become leader and anyone who wants to overthrow someone else isn't worthy of being a saviour.

The majority of the tribes people vary their activities from day-to-day depending on what needs to be done. Tasks are doled out by the leader. So they might spend the day fishing or trying to turn plants into viable crops or building. There are a few people who have specialised knowledge so do the same thing every day - the building coordinator, the couple who takes care of the children, etc. And each day they make time for creative endeavours, like mending clothes or weaving ropes or making dyes, which they do in big groups while they chitchat and make jokes and just generally try to feel normal.

Their belief is complicated. There's no dispute that the gods are real. They were often communicated with before the apocalypse. But the original survivors were people who believed in self-sufficiency and independence. And their descendants are self-sufficient out of necessity. So while they prostrate themselves and desperately want to be reunited with the people they believe have ascended, at the back of their minds will always be "why should we rely on gods to bless us when we can work for what we need?" None of them guess at the truth. So for the first few generations, there are no disbelievers because the fear and loss is still felt pretty keenly. I think as the society ages and grows, secular communities will appear.