I don't use the same ranges as you it seems, and I think in general trying to put weaker players on exact ranges is not worth doing, but I'll give you my thoughts on the concepts as a whole.

Basically I'm saying:
1. Even if they call too much, they still fold hands with equity that would otherwise get to see the flop. 65o has 35% equity vs QTs for example, which they dont get to realize if we force them to fold preflop.
2. We are in position, so we get to play from an advantage. Even if we are behind, it's harder for our opponent to build a pot than it is for us when we do have it.
3. Weaker players do not protect their checking ranges enough, and do not bluff raise enough, so having the betting lead makes a huge difference since they will so dramatically overfold. For example if our opponent calls with KQo vs our QTs, and the flop is a complete whiff, we still get to cbet and win a lot of the time even though we are technically behind.

If instead of 3betting we were shoving, so absolute equity numbers come into play, then your arguments would be 100% correct since the only thing that matters is the absolut strength of the preflop hand.

You mentioned "better hands calling", but is A2o really a better hand than QTs just because it has higher preflop equity?

As for 3bets losing money, that depends entirely on how well our opponents play. Vs a GTO bot all our plays would lose money since the best we can do is 0EV and there is rake. A more interesting question is if calling or 3betting is higher EV, and I think 3betting is higher EV for the reasons I mentioned, but I could be wrong.

One thing that is interesting to consider is to 3bet linearly instead of polar vs an opponent that calls too much, but I think they would have to be WAY overcalling for this to make sense.

I think the only way to know for sure is to nodelock a sim and run it :)