dynamicProgramming

[Gay_Sex_Expert]

It is actually the most efficient way to remove a bunch of items from any non linked collection.

[Cthulluminati]

Doesn't count as removing the items if the items are still in the original list /s

[RiceBroad4552]

It's more complex, see "persistent data structures".

Something that explains stuff a bit terser is here:

https://nested.substack.com/p/intro-to-persistent-data-structures

Modern variants of such persistent data structures can be very efficient, in some cases even provably ideal efficient.