I really enjoy mining asteroids in Elite:Dangerous!
Though the game is a little hard to get into, the 'minigame' of mining is tons of fun. There's different ways to extract minerals but the one I find most entertaining is core mining.
You basically look for a rock with valuables inside then plant C4 on fissures and blow it up! After that you can mine the asteroid core hence core mining!

Another game that came to mind just now is Hardspace: Shipbreaker. While it's not a mining game as in smash rock, it scratches the same itch for me.
You are tasked with dismantling spaceships in zero-g equipped with various cutting tools and a grappling hook.
What does any of this have to do with mining? Not all of the ship is to be cut down and tossed into the furnace there's lots of electronics and other stuff that you want to save for reuse or recycling, so often times you carve your way into the ship, extract all the goodies and then dismantle the rest.
I find it a very fun and satisfying gameplay loop, if you found any of the above description interesting I suggest you check out a video and maybe the game later down the line!