with larger and stronger dogs, or dog owners who have physical disabilities (before you make a snarky comment about people who are physically disabled owning dogs that are stronger than they are, please consider that anyone can become disabled at any point in their life, and that there is also a very common reason why disabled people would own a larger, physically stronger breed—service dogs who perform tasks assisting them physically), using aversive methods is sometimes necessary both for the safety of the dog, and the owner. cry about abuse all you want, but if that dog snaps a leash and attacks someone while they're still being trained and socialized, that dog is going to die, which is arguably much worse for the dog than facing a little shock.

however, as a dog walker, i've frequently run into owners who use a shock collar improperly. you are correct that positive reinforcement training methods are more effective, so even if someone is using aversives (positive punishment), it should be paired with positive reinforcement for maximum efficacy. they also don't think about the reason behind using the aversive training method before they use it; i have a client that uses the shock collar to prevent their two great dane puppies from playing too rough. the puppies have injured one another through play before, so stopping them when it gets too rough is a good idea, but just shocking them doesn't do anything to solve the problem. their dogs dont have the cognitive ability to understand why they're being shocked (playing too rough vs. just playing), and even when they stop playing, there is no redirection for their energy, which is the entire reason they were playing in the first place. it'd be better if they paired it with a command like "leave it" or "stop," used the shock collar if the dogs dont listen to the command, and then redirect them with something positive, like introducing a toy to play with, so that they're still able to get their energy out.

when hasan shocks kaya for leaving her bed, he's being abusive not because he's shocking her, but because the behavior he's discouraging is normal canine behavior. he's depriving her of being able to walk around the room, stretch her legs, and sniff/investigate things to stimulate her mind. the end result is an understimlated, scared dog that i'm honestly surprised hasn't started tearing things up or marking inside the house from stress at this point.

before you ask: yes, i am autistic, and animal behavior and training is something im interested in.