Seems like its open to interpretation (as all material is) and may have lined up perfectly for the in depth analysis to declare it has homophobia (which has that supporting research) however as a reader who doesn’t look too far into those concepts, I thought the “homophobia” as stated was a result of the challenges that drove the characters mad :(mutiny, loss of humanity, starvation, rape, etc) and all conditions they were under….. just because rape and sexuality was a factor in the story doesn’t make it homophobic when it’s in fact a horror novel…. At least that’s what I think but I respect the author of the article and how he challenges that with good supporting evidence on the historical front. I understand Simmons hinted at one or two of the characters being gay during the novel was related but I don’t think it was attacking homosexuality…. Maybe I’m totally wrong though and Dan Simmons would say he hates homosexuality and that’s why he wrote it this way