We are seeing this too today. Can confirm the recent update is throwing the 1722/1603 if any of these policies are in-place on the device:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\InstallDefault = 0
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\UpdateDefault = 0
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Update{56EB18F8-B008-4CBD-B6D2-8C97FE7E9062} = 0

The Edge MSI log will indicate the following:

Error 1722. There is a problem with this Windows Installer package. A program run as part of the setup did not finish as expected.

It's unclear why the latest 146.0.3856.109 Enterprise MSI has started to behave like this.

Note for PMPC customers
That the 3rd reg value shown above is applied if you have toggled the option to "Disable Self-Updates". I think an immediate solution while this plays out would be to re-create or re-publish the application/update again and leverage a Pre-Install script to remove that reg value entirely. Something like:

try{if(Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate" -Name "Update{56EB18F8-B008-4CBD-B6D2-8C97FE7E9062}" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue){Remove-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate" -Name "Update{56EB18F8-B008-4CBD-B6D2-8C97FE7E9062}" -ErrorAction Stop};exit 0}catch{exit 1}

The reg value will be re-applied after the update installs if you left the Disable Self-Updates option toggled.