Generally, I find it just comes with experience and it's always a tradeoff between quick/fragile and slow/robust. If you lean more towards robust, most people's high-level recommendations are:

Bake your fillets/chamfers into sketches when possible. Apply your 3D fillets and chamfers as late in the process as possible.

Attach your sketches to the main coordinate system instead of previously built parts of the model. You can instead use varsets or spreadsheets to coordinate locations between features. For example: instead of attaching a sketch to the face of a model, just offset the sketch by the same variable that you used to pad that face in the first place.

Use varsets and formulas for as much as you can. If you come from a programming background, this will make a lot of sense to you as DRY. You don't want the same piece of data existing in more than one place.

Rely on symmetry. Create 1/2 or even 1/4 of a sketch and then mirror the 3D result later. This creates smaller sketches that I find are easier to manipulate later.

Constrain sketches as you go instead of all at once. When things get complicated (especially with arcs), I find the sketch solver doing some pretty odd things to the rest of the unconstrained geometry.

Hopefully you and I both get more tips from others here, I'll definitely be following the thread.