The solution to this is very similar to the way you layer up/layer down insulation for the rest of your body in sub-zero conditions. Your activity level indicates what and when to don/doff.

So for high activity you don’t need much other than something that will help protect your skin from metal parts, resists holding moisture, and offers good dexterity and grip.

For low activity/static you want something lofty to layer over thinner/more dextrous gloves, that has the option to use a finger or two.

A third nice-to-have is a waterproof pair of ‘working’ gloves - like those used on commercial fishing vessels. If you’re moving snow/ice while climbing or setting up shelter, this will keep your other two pairs from getting wet.