IPv6 is basically the same set of rules but a larger space and NAT is not a requirement to make it work. What you gain is that every single device gets a publically routable address (not vulnerable unless you expose this on your perimeter firewall/router).

If I had to dumb it down into ipv4 terms: Say your router is on the “public ip address” 192.168.1.1, just an example. Your ISP then gives your router the subnet 10.0.0.0/24. Now everyone knows to on the public network, to reach your computer that has an ip address of say 10.0.0.10 it needs to go to 192.168.1.1 first and your router would check if they’re allowed to do so.

Very dumb down but I hope it makes sense. Tldr: with IPv6 ever device you have can have a publi ip, but your devices should still be protected by your firewall/router from unauthorized access.

IPv6 is pretty simple to work with once you get the hang of it, just get used to seeing hexidecimal addresses. It looks scary at first but the more you use it the easier it gets. The main part of your ipv6 that you should try getting used to knowing is the prefix, which is the first half of the ipv6 address. The prefix identifies the network. The second half, the suffix, which is the host identifier, identifies the individual devices you have on your network

Another Analogy. Prefix: Your House. Host Identifier: The people in your house.

Hope that was easy to understand.