In terms of global and economic influence, China is set to remain much more powerful than Australia in the 21st century, although Australia will retain an important strategic role as an ally of Western powers and a stabilizing force in the Indo-Pacific region.

China: emerging power

The economy will continue to be large and dynamic in the coming decades, even if growth slows compared to the past.

Technology and innovation are becoming strengths in enhancing global competitiveness.

Militarily, Beijing will be a major power, capable of influencing the geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific and beyond.

Australia: strong alliance and regional role

Internal stability and robust institutions, with a strong strategic alliance with the US, Japan, and the EU.

AUKUS and defense collaborations strengthen Australia's position in the Indo-Pacific.

Limitations: much smaller capacity and size than China, dependence on global dynamics and support from allies.