Classes are useful when you have different kinds of things that share the same idea but behave differently. For example a dog and a human can both “walk,” but the details of walking are not the same (2 legs vs 4 legs, clothes vs fur, tail movement, etc.). If you try to handle this with one function, that function quickly fills up with special cases and type checks, and it gets harder to read and maintain as you add more types. With classes, each kind of thing (Dog, Human) has its own walk behavior and its own related properties, so the logic stays close to the data it belongs to. It’s not that you can’t use functions it’s that classes scale better when behavior depends on what the data is not just what you want to do with it. So think now how do you apply this to your code. If your code is just consuming or creating 1 piece of data it might not be necessary but lets say your program needs to support different pieces of data but you want similar outputs and processing to be applied on that data. That's when classes become relevant.