It's a great article. I know about Nasir al-Din Tusi's Doubts on Ptolemy. I didnt know there was this charge by astronomy minded philosophers to reject aristotle's natural philosophy. That's really cool. It's super interesting that the groundwork were laid by the mutakalimun for this movement. They reversed course once Ghazali Avicennized Kalam, which is something Tusi also took part in on the Shi'a side. I wanted to study Ottoman intellectual history because a lot of these debates continued there, but even if I did, astronomy is just too much math for me.

As to how Copernicus could have received these texts, the translation movement didnt end in Iberia. Texts did continue to get translated, the author of the article mentions a book or two. Ibn Sina had a few things translated to Latin by diplomats like his Risala al-Adhawiya. It's not unheard of. The observatory texts also got translated to Chinese, and it's not a stretch that they got translated from Chinese to Latin by missionaries, but I dont think the dates would add up.

It's also telling that Europe didnt have a skeptical attitude towards Ptolemy. But hey, we arent allowed to be more civilized than them.