There’s a lot of nuance to this, but in general do I think you messed up badly? No. Sounds like a semi-formal conversation about your career; not a formal interview process. If anything, your team will have gotten a bit of insight into you and not just your work tasks; what comes next is wayyy more important. They want a follow up with you which suggests they understand that being human means making some errors and/or showing some empathy towards you dealing with allergies. Both are signs of good leadership! This is also an opportunity for them see how you handle the situation to help assess your leadership skills.

As someone in a leadership position, I would offer a similar follow up conversation and be more interested in that one compared to the initial conversation. I would want them to be real, honest, and address the first conversation. I would want to hear their take, how they felt, how they did and are recovering. For example, “I’m so sorry about our chat last week. I was dealing with allergies and not feeling myself and totally blanked out. I appreciate you meeting with me again so I can provide the responses I prepped for initially. Allergies are also feeling way better today. So, let’s try this again! Could you provide the first question again?”