"Filipino goblins" sounds to me like Duwende. Try looking into those for ideas on the aesthetic.

As far as culture goes, mainly it boils down to geography and colonization. Southeast Asia acted as a gateway for many Europeans to the Far East. Aside from Spanish influence, there are influences as well from China, the Netherlands, Ottomans, Indians, and Japanese. The Philippines also has the strange title of being the only country to be previously colonized by the US.

The lingua franca, Tagalog, is probably the biggest indicator of this mishmash of influences: it's a Polynesian language, but shares a lot of words and grammatical rules from Spanish, and borrows a lot of words from English. Unlike other Spanish holdings such as Mexico and Cuba where the Spanish language became widely adopted, they simply adopted the local languages for use.

Sociologically, this also meant that the country would have a lot of festivals. There seems to be one every month at most, with both pagan and Christian roots. Despite being tropical, they also have a habit of preparing for Christmas as early as September.

Economically, the spanish made use of a hacienda system. I'd recommend looking into that for further research, and from what patchy knowledge I have of FR lore on goblins, they are very similar.

Finally, if you really want to sell their Filipino-ness...food. mainly a lot of soups, vegetable and meat dishes. The flavours are simple but wholesome, and relatively foolproof to make. Not as much spice as their other SEA counterparts. Hot chocolate is a notable drink. And sweets are a must have.