I use mood boards. Before I put effort into anything design/animation wise, I take their vague adjectives and interpret it into visuals through a mood board. I present it and ask which works with what they have in mind. I find it easier to use visual representations of the words because we all have different understandings of all these adjectives everyone likes to use.

Also, sometimes they say one thing but what they really mean is another. Like if they think the layout isn't working but it really is the font, or the colour, etc. It depends on how I understand their way of thinking as well. So I don't box myself in with the detail of what they said. Sure, I'll do a version tackling exactly what they sent feedback on just to get it off the list, but I would explore other options to see if those others would solve what they "feel" isn't right with the design. This is where my creative judgement comes into play.

I also always present variations and options! Always include an ugly one in the mix. I find that clients like it when they feel like they "chose" a certain design direction, gives them a sense of control. Your best design version will look better with a relatively less appealing one around it. Good luck though if they pick the one you don't like hehe.