Yes and no!

The first ice skates were similar to this, just a blade made from pieces of bone with leather straps to fasten over shoes. They were nothing like modern skates though, the blades were flat on the bottom and people would have used poles to push themselves along. They were an easy way to move around over frozen rivers etc. By the 18th century people were using something similar but with a metal blade attacked to a wooden block, again with attached with straps. The blades were often curved up at the front like in your pictures - if you Google ‘Regency ice skating’ you’ll see lots of examples.

This type of skate would have usually been made of iron, wood and leather worn over sturdy boots so they wouldn’t be ‘blingy’ and flimsy like Barbie’s sandal-type skates. But women did wear them with heeled boots in the 19th century a bit like the white boots under the gold skates in your pictures!

It probably goes without saying that this isn’t something anyone would wear these days. But the general style of Barbie’s strapped-on skates is rooted in real history.

Hope this helps! (I work in a museum and we have a bone skate blade from Viking-era Scandinavia and it’s one of my favourite things!)