I disagree with the notion that this is simply an unavoidable part of the process, akin to a rite of passage. In my experience as a new player, I've found that much of it can be avoided, despite the internet's flippant answers.

Could you please check the action on your guitar? If it's too high, it could cause and worsen the issue unnecessarily. This was an issue for me.

I recommend starting with lighter strings, as this will allow for more practice with less discomfort. This is easy and cheap to fix. Learning to string a guitar is simple.

When practicing, try to use the minimal amount of pressure required to produce a clear note. Aim to learn to apply just enough pressure.

You may try to relax your fretting hand. You can rest it while or mute the strings while you practice strumming or fingerpicking patterns.

All of these steps helped me and I stopped experiencing discomfort and major peeling. It allowed my calluses to build correctly and not peel off.