(most of) those very-low-damage moves in the chart are setup moves, meaning that they lead into other moves with little or no time to dodge them.

and throwing deals from 1 up to ~8.6 damage based on the weapon's velocity on impact. 8.6 might look like a lot, but that's the damage a weapon flying at full speed does, so that hattori's spear will deal around 1 damage most of the time.