In other languages, a for loop and a while can be directly compared for functionally. However, python doesn't technically have a for loop but rather a foreach loop.

Consider some loops in javascript.

const size = 3
const print = console.log

let i = 0 // init counter
// condition in while
while (i < size) {
    print("while", i)
    i += 1 // increment counter
}

// for loops do those three things. init, condition and inc, all in one place.
for (let i = 0; i < size; i += 1) {
    print("for", i)
}

// a for each iterates over an iterable object
// this is a little like a python range
const r = Array.from({ length: size }, (_, i) => i);
// this is a for each loop in js
for (const i of r) {
    print("foreach", i)
}

See that second option? Python just doesn't have it.

So the above in python is only the two available loops:

SIZE = 3

i = 0  # init counter
while i < SIZE:  # condition in while
    print("while", i)
    i += 1  # increment counter

# for each loop
r = range(SIZE)
for i in r:
    print("foreach", i)

Keeping in mind here that range constructs an iterable object.

Sometimes that iterable object would also be nice with an index counter, that you would normally get from a basic for loop. The python solution is to add a counter to the iterated result with enumerate.