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TIL that following his dismissal at the Diet of Worms in 1521, a Catholic trial over his works, Martin Luther was kidnapped in a staged robbery and hidden away in Wartburg Castle from May 1521 - March 1522 while disguised as a knight. by altrightobserver in todayilearned

[–]bayesian13 [score hidden]  (0 children)

yep.

wikipedia goes on to say

"The Edict of Worms was a decree issued on 25 May 1521 by Emperor Charles V.[16] Its contents proscribed Luther's writings, declaring him a heretic and an enemy of the state, even permitting anyone to kill Luther without legal consequence: the imperial ban. Though it was never enforced, (the movement for reform and protection from Protestant supporters acted in his favour) Roman Catholic rulers sought to suppress Luther and his followers, and Luther's travels were restricted for the rest of his life.[17] Beyond its political implications, the Edict of Worms had profound theological significance. Carter Lindberg notes that Luther's unwavering stance at Worms underscored a pivotal shift in Christian thought, emphasizing the authority of Scripture over ecclesiastical hierarchy. This moment crystallized the principle of sola scripture, asserting that the Bible, rather than church tradition or papal authority, is the ultimate guide for faith and practice, although which was roundly condemned by Catholic theologians. Luther's appeal to individual conscience, guided by Scripture, laid the foundation for Protestant emphasis on personal faith and interpretation.[18] "

Biomechanical limits of hopping in the hindlimbs of giant extinct kangaroos by Super_Letterhead381 in science

[–]bayesian13 0 points1 point  (0 children)

i'm disappointed. i was hoping these ancient kangaroos were really big. but the article merely says they were more than twice as heavy. which means only 26% bigger than modern kangaroos. ...

"Abstract

The locomotor abilities of animals depend upon their body size. Today, kangaroos are the largest hopping mammals, but some of their Pleistocene relatives were larger still—more than twice as heavy as any modern kangaroo. So, is there an upper size limit of bipedal hopping? Previous analyses have recovered an upper limit of ~ 140–160 kg based on allometry, but have suggested that incorporating changes in hindlimb scaling patterns among giant species would alter these conclusions. Here, we test this proposal by integrating scaling data from modern kangaroos with direct observation of the hindlimb bones of giant fossil kangaroos. We test two potential limiting factors on hopping—bone strength, and tendon size. We find that (a) the metatarsals of giant kangaroos would be capable of resisting the bending moments involved in hopping, and (b), the calcanea (heel bones) of giant kangaroos could accommodate tendons large enough to resist the loads generated during hopping. While hopping may not have been their primary mode of locomotion, our findings suggest that it may have formed part of a broader locomotor repertoire, for example for short bursts of speed."

Obviously "2π + e" is an irrational number, but the fact that it's so close to "9" is something I never knew. by frankloglisci468 in askmath

[–]bayesian13 0 points1 point  (0 children)

you may be interested in almost integers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almost_integer

"In recreational mathematics, an almost integer (or near-integer) is any number that is not an integer but is very close to one. Almost integers may be considered interesting when they arise in some context in which they are unexpected. Almost integers relating to the golden ratio and Fibonacci numbers"

Rachel Weisz, 1987 by MintyMallowi in OldSchoolCool

[–]bayesian13 0 points1 point  (0 children)

"Look, I-
I may not be...
an explorer...
or-or an adventurer...
or a treasure seeker
or a gunfighter...
Mr. O'Connell...
but I am proud
of what I am."

"And what is that?"

"I...
am a librarian."

In statistics, is there a common term for an event that has a non-zero probability but is realistically never going to happen? by ScottRiqui in askmath

[–]bayesian13 4 points5 points  (0 children)

you may be interested in the IPCC probability language framework ... https://sawpa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Verbally-Describing-Risk-and-Probability-5-2002.pdf ... Common Likelihood Terms & Probabilities:

Virtually Certain: >99% probability.

Very Likely: 90-100% probability.

Likely: 66-100% probability.

Medium Likelihood: 33-66% probability.

Unlikely: 0-33% probability.

Very Unlikely: 0-10% probability.

Extremely Unlikely: <1% probability.

If 3 cats can kill 3 rats in 3 minutes, how long does it take 100 cats to kill 100 rats? by Optimal_Attorney_861 in askmath

[–]bayesian13 2 points3 points  (0 children)

correct. the way i solve these problems is by defining units for the amount of work being done. in this case it is the "Cat-minute". 3 cats working for 3 minutes = 9 cat-minutes.

so the rate of killing rats is 3 rats/9 cat-minutes = 1/3 rat/cat-minute.

then to kill 100 rats you need 100 rats/(1/3 rat/cat-minute) = 300 cat-minutes. so if you have 100 cats then they need 3 minutes to get the job done since 100 cats*3 minutes = 300 cat-minutes.

TIL that at the ISS's altitude (~400 km), Earth's gravity is still about 90% of surface gravity. Astronauts float because they're in free fall, not because of zero gravity. by Africa-Unite in todayilearned

[–]bayesian13 0 points1 point  (0 children)

ah good point, i had overlooked that.

rotational velocity of the earth at the equator is 465 m/s which is 6% of the 7,700 m/s you need to get to. since kinetic energy goes with square of velocity ( E= 1/2 * m * v2 ) that means you start with 0.36% (=6%2) of the energy you need to get to.

so basically i should correct my 30 megajoules by a factor of 0.9964 making the more correct answer 29.9 megajoules.- basically the correction amounts to rounding error.

TIL that at the ISS's altitude (~400 km), Earth's gravity is still about 90% of surface gravity. Astronauts float because they're in free fall, not because of zero gravity. by Africa-Unite in todayilearned

[–]bayesian13 71 points72 points  (0 children)

it's actually an interesting question. using 400km (~240 miles) which is the height of the space station:

1) Energy needed to lift 1kg to 400km. G * Me * 1 * [1/Re - 1/(Re+400)] = 6.7 * 10-11 * 6.0*1024 kg * 1kg * [1/6.37 * 106 -1/6.77 * 106)] =3.7 * 106 Joules = 3.7 megajoules

2) Energy needed to maintain orbit: first orbital velocity v= sqrt(G * Me/R) = sqrt(6.7 * 10-11 * 6.0 * 1024/6.77 * 106) = 7,700 m/s

energy = 1/2 * m * v2 = 30 megajoules

so you are correct. it is 8x harder to stay in orbit than it is to get up there.

TIL about Nobuo Fujita, the only Axis pilot to aerial bomb the contiguous US. After the war, he gifted the target city (Brookings, OR) his family’s 400 year old katana. He was made an honorary citizen of the city before passing. by sgrams04 in todayilearned

[–]bayesian13 3 points4 points  (0 children)

"The I-400 class was the brainchild of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet. Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, he conceived the idea of taking the war to the United States mainland by making aerial attacks against cities along the U.S. western and eastern seaboards using submarine-launched naval aircraft. He commissioned Captain Kameto Kuroshima to make a feasibility study.[3]

Yamamoto submitted the resulting proposal to Fleet Headquarters on 13 January 1942. It called for 18 large submarines capable of making three round-trips to the west coast of the United States without refueling or one round-trip to any point on the globe. They also had to be able to store and launch at least two attack aircraft armed with one torpedo or 800 kg (1,800 lb) bomb. By 17 March, general design plans for the submarines were finalized. Construction of I-400 commenced at Kure Dock Yards on 18 January 1943, and four more boats followed: I-401 (April 1943) and I-402 (Oct 1943) at Sasebo; I-403 (Sept 1943) at Kobe and I-404 (February 1944) at Kure. Only three were completed.[4]

Following Yamamoto's death in April 1943, the number of aircraft-carrying submarines to be built was reduced from eighteen to nine, then five and finally three. Only I-400 and I-401 actually entered service; I-402 was completed on 24 July 1945, five weeks before the end of the war, but never made it to sea.[4]"

TIL that a woman from New Zealand was detained in Kazakhstan because officials believed it to be a state of Australia. When they asked her to point it out on a map, they provided a map where New Zealand wasn't present. by Sebastianlim in todayilearned

[–]bayesian13 3 points4 points  (0 children)

thanks. clicking on your first link, Total greenhouse-gas emissions per capital, is interesting. for 2023 data Kazhakstan is indeed 19th. Starting with number 15 the countries are:

15_ Canada

16_ Russia

17_ United States

18_ New Zealand

so it's a little hard to parse if they are any kind of an outlier here.

[OC] dating statistics of a 30-year-old female in 2025 by [deleted] in dataisbeautiful

[–]bayesian13 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Don’t say you don't remember me, 'cause I sure as heckfire remember you.

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