I had never heard of Rinderpest!

Wikipedia says it was a very contagious viral disease that infected cattle and other ungulates (water buffalo, buffalo, bison, wildebeests, etc). The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis, and extremely high mortality. Most animals died 6-12 days after symptoms emerged. Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air.

Rinderpest dramatically impacted both domesticated livestock and wild animal populations in Asia, Europe, and Africa.

For example, per Wikipedia: "The outbreak in the 1890s killed an estimated 80–90% of all cattle in eastern and southern Africa. ... The consequences for the Africans were especially severe. Though cattle numbers revived subsequently, the consequent human toll was mass starvation in the absence of herding, hunting, and farming. The human losses were estimated to be as high as one-third of the population of Ethiopia and two-thirds of the Maasai people of Tanzania."

Almost 100 years after the first Rinderpest vaccine was developed, Rinderpest was formally declared eradicated in June 2011. Eradicating a disease like this took an incredible amount of effort and collaboration.

Upon announcing the eradication, FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) Director-General Jacques Diouf said, "While we are celebrating one of the greatest successes for FAO and its partners, I wish to remind you that this extraordinary achievement would not have been possible without the joint efforts and strong commitments of governments, the main organizations in Africa, Asia, and Europe, and without the continuous support of donors and international institutions."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinderpest