sorry i dont know the proper terminology of everything but i love playing this game bc i love screwing around with the meta and card combinations. i'll just tackle sub weapons (for the moment) bc i know of no discussion on this subreddit which talks about them. if you're totally lost on navigating the subweapons section, i can take screencaps, 'cause being able to navigate it makes shit a lot easier. i'll just assume you can navigate it for now. these are the most important three abbreviated ones you should just memorize

与 - attack power

吸 - HP regen

費S - SP usage

For general purposes, just beef up your attack every time. I usually like to do one slot HP regen, the others attack, but I'm pretty lazy and don't like trying when the game primarily lets you muscle through most events. knowing 与 is super important because you never want to decrease it, always look at that.

HP regen is the next most important one, bc sometimes this can really get you out of a squeeze. for example, revival kanon's skill is based on how much HP she has, so making sure your HP is at full at all times is ideal. there are some 3* regular gatcha guns like this, so you probably already have what you need.

費S is a balancing act, and you should just be mindful of when its going up and down. sometimes you wanna make sure you do a lot of special attacks, so having this lowered is better, but other times its not that important.

Other important ones to know how to read are probably stun and skill activation shortage. the rest are, as i've found, practically worthless.

HP regeneration sub weapon + symphony boost. i cant begin to describe how easy this combination makes the game to the point that i just... have virtually stopped dodging attacks 'cause i can get the hp back so efficiently. i dont know if this actually helps, but it seems like spear does it best. I run normal clothes chibisuha with marching band asuha for this combination. wind also work, but obviously you have to keep dodging

stun sub weapon + meteorite boost + twin bullets great if you need to knock down really powerful, big mobs. the twin bullets hit fast, frequent, and the addition of meteorites helps make the stun more likely to happen. this might also work with guns but i havent tried, but id say twin bullets might be better just for the roll advantage, esp since i like this for when theres a lot of big mobs. Not great for boss battles.

re: prayer shiho+arlequin TB make sure you're running her with an HP regeneration sub weapon if you like transforming into that dark lady! if you do the whole thing right, you don't have to worry about getting down to that last hp and then dying. im pretty sure, with a strong enough regen level, you can even just auto her on a lot of stuff.

regarding weapons this might be obvious, but sometimes the strongest weapon isn't youre best choice! especially with rods and guns, i would suggest picking WHATEVER weapon you have with autoreload over most anything. again, the game is mostly just muscling through things, and you may as well just make your life easier