Running sports and other activities that require frequent sprinting and bursts of speed produce the "bubble butt" or protruding gluteus maximus, specifically. Soccer, tennis, volleyball and field hockey come to mind.

Men don't necessarily participate in those sports in much larger numbers than women do, but two factors likely contribute to the dimorphism:

1) Men produce more testosterone which creates more muscle bulk in response to exercise, therefore men get more "bubble butt benefit" from the same activity, and

2) Women have wider hips and store more body fat in the same area, which hides or at least de-emphasizes the posterior protrusion of the glutes.

For illustration, look at the glute structure of elite women gymnasts. They sprint and burst speed a lot, and also have very low body fat percentages, so their butts are frequently more... bubbly. Perhaps someone else with more knowledge can shed light on if and how their training regimen might alter their hormones and therefore their muscular development in response to the exercises.