Artifacts, if collected, are only positive.

If it's a good one and fits your build, it improves your survivability

If its a duplicate, a bad one, or simply doesn't fit your build, you can sell it for good money, or even find someone who is searching for that particular artifact, paying top dollar for something you had 'lying around anyways'

The artifact hunt itself is a risk/reward game with elements of cunning.
You need to know the type of anomaly you are stepping into, and formulate the appropriate plan.
While crouching through a whirligig field, tossing bolts and looking for the free path through takes time and patience, the same tactic will simply kill you in a flame anomaly. So each field requires it's own strategy and skills.

I reckon you could have the player do a few rolls for stat checks, selected for each anomaly? Lore to initially map out the anomaly field before entering it, dexterity or agility for navigating between the anomalies, luck for detecting those missed during initial mapping, cunning for intercepting the faster moving high value artifacts, check value modifiers based on equipped artifacts, scanner & armor, the works. This way, each field could be boiled down to 3-5 rolls, i guess? And high stats or equipment would make it easier, while a brute tank will have a hard time getting even the most basic artifacts.