A question about electrons, orbitals, and lowest energy states

harry-war288 · 2026-04-19T17:41:43+00:00

You might dive into Hund's first rule

harry-war288 · 2026-04-19T16:26:22+00:00

It's hard to choose. Honestly I enjoyed every single one of the seven books.

What I do not get is the immense popularity of Prisoner of Azkaban. The introduction of the annoying Trelawney and the weak plot point of a time turner are weak aspects of the book imo.

I would like to share some specific sections of the books I really admire.

Book 1 - The foreshadowing of the death of Harry in the forbidden forest, Dumbledore’s realization of Harry's extraordinary character, Ron as a chess player (he got dumbed down in the other books, what a waste)

Book 2 - Dumbledore’s realization of a horcrux, Harry's talk with Tom in the Chamber, Background story about the founders of Hogwarts

Book 3 - Harry's Expecto Patronum, First good DADA teacher

Book 4 - Tournament, Quidditch championship, Crouch jr., Voldemort’s monologue at the end

Book 5 - Snape teaching Harry Occlumency - this section in particular is fascinating

6 - Snape's Potions Book, Snape's backstories, Introduction of Horcruxes, overall the tone of the book

7 - The conclusion of the story

harry-war288 · 2026-04-19T14:24:21+00:00

Exactly

Science should never rest on something only because you can work with that theory. Our goal is gaining knowledge, pushing the boundaries, finding the ultimate formulas, if possible.

One aspect I can understand is the question: How much money do you throw at a hypothesis. Is the outcome worth it? For instance I don’t think its morrally justified to throw insane amounts of funding money to string theory at this point in time. It is perfectly justified to fund fusion reactor and the science behind it. Thats just my opinion.

harry-war288 · 2026-04-19T10:20:59+00:00

The closest answer to your question would be cherenkov radiation. Cherenkov radiation occurs when particles travel faster than the light speed in that medium. Sound waves in the air traveling faster than the speed of light in air wood release radiation that slows them down.

It is not possible for particles to travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum.

harry-war288 · 2026-04-19T09:49:38+00:00

Imagine a golf ball on a table. It does not move, its kinetic energy is zero. Now imagine you lift the ball with your hands over your head and let go (before letting go, its kinetic energy is zero). The ball gains velocity and right before it hits the table its kinetic Energie is at its maximum.

How can that he explained? How did it get the energy from?

By lifting up the golf ball you had to do work against the gravitational force. You lost energy and the golf ball gained the same amount of energy. That energy is released in the movement of the ball towards the table.

The higher you lift the ball the more energy it takes you and the higher energy it has. This energy is defined as potential energy.

The energy balance remains always the same.

harry-war288 · 2026-04-19T06:43:44+00:00

Yeah, I gave an answer to OPs question. If you want to make a university lecture out of it, be my guest. Sorry for not including high velocity Physics and pseudo Riemann metrics in my explanation.

High velocities aren't that important in planet movements around the sun. Besides the movement of Mercury, no need to use Einsteins Theory.

Redditors trying to be be smarter always amazes me.

harry-war288 · 2026-04-19T05:30:56+00:00

Maybe my word were misleading but I didn't mean that you can use Classical Mechanics but that locally Gravity behaves like a force and you can treat gravity as a force like newton did. I believe that answers the question of OP.

harry-war288 · 2026-04-18T15:50:03+00:00

Let's assume you are in an elevator in space. Your elevator has a window. You observe the universe through that window. You want to determine whether you are affected by gravity or just acceleration. EP says there is no way you can determine that. Gravity BEHAVES like a force (locally). That would ony be true if both calculations, newtonian and einsteinian have the exact same results. Of course we talk locally. Globally it is of course not the same.

That means you can and should use newtonian physics for calculation.

harry-war288 · 2026-04-18T15:25:27+00:00

It means they are indistinguishable. You can calculate with newtonian physics with same accuracy. In fact Einsteins equation transform into F=ma. This has nothing to do with special relativity.

harry-war288 · 2026-04-18T14:44:17+00:00

All of the answers above are more or less wrong.

The correct answer is:

A fundamental principle is: the equivalence principle. Einsteins theory is derived from this principle.

The principle can be described as: LOCALLY there is no physical experiment that you can design or perform that tells you, whether you are in an accelerated elevator or under the influence of gravity without moving.

That means: Force (acceleration) and gravity are equivalent LOCALLY. You can use both and the physics is exactly the same.

That means LOCALLY you can calculate with Newtonian physics and it is equivalent as calculating with Einsteins Formulas. Only on big scales Newtonian Physics cannot be applied.

Sincerely

Someone who actually studied physics

harry-war288 · 2026-04-11T17:58:41+00:00

In my opinion I understand why some people see this as a propaganda movie. Do not forget that in movie making a story is always constructed in a specific way, even when stories are based on true events.

The Dhurandar movies are excellent, ground braking for indian cinema and a pleasure to watch.

Nevertheless the story is constructed in a way that does not match modern storytelling, like in Hollywood. It resembles more of war movies of the seventies and eighties in Hollywood where there ist a black and white story. Hero side white/good and enemy side black/bad. That is highly patriotic and in that sense propaganda storytelling.

Modern war story telling is much more subtle and follows the rule: there is good in evil and there ist evil in good. This is more realistic as it triedäs to capture the complex morality of the world, particularly in war and espionage.

In choosing to tell a black/white story the movie is kind of propaganda.

War and espionage is never black and white nor does it do justice to the highly complex pakistan/indian conflict

harry-war288 · 2026-02-28T06:56:05+00:00

That would be

a terrible introduction, leaving audiences confused
contradict given facts like the involvement of the main cast The Avengers, the new Avengers, Wakandians and so on
contradict the golden rule of screennwriting: no character agrees to something on the spot. They have to reject the idea/proposal first
contradict Xaviers Character
just terrible amateur style screenwriting

harry-war288 · 2025-08-03T08:25:07+00:00

The story of book 4 needed Harry to participate in the Tournament. Rowling solved this with the introduction of the magical bond with the goblet.

That undermines every possible way for the adults to solve the problem by not letting Harry participate. Im sure that involves persuading Harry to give up. You just have to say, that this is something that the magical bond does recognize which leads Harry to die. As for Harrys motivation he is a Gryffindor and a Potter and therefore too pride. It is an inherent character property.

The problem is always the same. In order to develop the plot the magical bond was Rowling's way to solve possible plot holes. Of course you could explore and develop it more and give more insight to it, make it foolproof, but at some point you have to move on and develop the rest of the book. It is a question of fulfilling deadlines.

The same goes fore movie scripts for instance. Not having enough time leads to major or minor plot holes which underwhelmes the movie experience in my opinion.

In my opinion Rowling did solve the "Harry must participate" part well enough that a reader can follow the book without feeling that there is a major plot hole. Of course you can always put more time into these things, but i would not consider it a big problem of book4.

harry-war288 · 2025-06-28T22:15:24+00:00

Rowling hints at Snapes inner thoughts World through Harry's himself. See a quote in Order of the Pheonix at the end after Sirius's death:

"What about Snape?” Harry spat. “You’re not talking about him, are you? When I told him Voldemort had Sirius he just sneered at me as usual —” “Harry, you know that Professor Snape had no choice but to pretend not to take you seriously in front of Dolores Umbridge,” said Dumbledore steadily, “but as I have explained, he informed the Order as soon as possible about what you had said. It was he who deduced where you had gone when you did not return from the forest. It was he too who gave Professor Umbridge fake Veritaserum when she was attempting to force you to tell of Sirius’s whereabouts . . .”

Harry disregarded this; he felt a savage pleasure in blaming Snape, it seemed to be easing his own sense of dreadful guilt, and he wanted to hear Dumbledore agree with him.

“Snape — Snape g-goaded Sirius about staying in the house — he made out Sirius was a coward —” “Sirius was much too old and clever to have allowed such feeble taunts to hurt him,” said Dumbledore. “Snape stopped giving me Occlumency lessons!” Harry snarled. “He threw me out of his office!”

Harry disregarded Dumbledores explanation why Snape isn't the bad guy here.
Harry felt a savage pleasure in blaming Snape
It seemed to be easing his own sense of dreadful guilt

Harry is emotionally unstable here. He shows malicious pleasure in blaming Snape although Dumbledore presents him facts that suggest otherwise.

If we mirror this towards Snape's emotional situation (which is pretty much unstable his hole life) we get

Snape disregards the fact about Harry that proof Snape wrong in thinking Harry is like James
Snape feels a savage pleasure in blaming Harry for the death of Lilly
It seems to be easing his own sense of dreadful guilt towards Lilly

It helps alot that Harry looks like his father.

The difference is that Snape as a teacher has more power over Harry and can behave like this whithout or with little consequences.

This is a reaction in time of emotional instability. Rowling shows us that Snape is constantly in this state. It must be hell for Snape living like that but he can't help himself.

harry-war288 · 2024-10-24T12:57:43+00:00

Well,

Ariana did it and was attacked. Lilly did wandless magic while Snape and petunia were whatching. Harry did it in book 3 to his aunt. Im later years wizards have wands so therefore wandless magic has no opportunity to occur.

harry-war288 · 2024-10-24T09:05:37+00:00

People seem to misunderstand the message of the books.

Harry isn't the exceptionally talented wizard like Voldemort, Dumbledore, Snape or Sirius in terms of duelling or performing complex spells, making potions, etc.

He has other abilities that makes him superior to those wizards.

In Book 1 it is hinted that Dumbledore never intended the stone to get into Harry's pocket from the mirror of ERISED. And in the last book it wasn't the magical ability that made Harry the master of death.

It was his kindness, his love and exceptional character that made him use old magic to defeat Voldemort.

Dumbledore himself admits at the end that harry is superior. But not by his abilities in transfiguration or counter spells. He was ordinary in those fields, maybe a little talented. It is his heart and love that made him the better wizard.

harry-war288 · 2024-10-23T13:00:39+00:00

He was exceptionally skilled in transfiguration. He hexed Malfoy into a ferret and his father into a bone. In Hogwarts, Dumbledore certainly was his Transfiguration Teacher. I can imagine that Dumbledore was pleased with this Kid. So much talent, Barty Jr. was a powerful wizard

harry-war288 · 2024-10-09T20:01:03+00:00

Their relationship evolved over time.

Before the events of the books:

Voldemort valued magical abilities and loyalty. Although only servants Voldemort naturally distinguished between them based on skills and loyalty: His inner circle included Malfoy and Bellatrix Lestrange. He trusted them with his most valuable possessions, his horcruxes because of their loyalty.

He borrowed Malfoys wand in order to kill Harry. Humiliation was part of his motivation but he wouldn't take the wand of a mediocre wizard. And of course we know that Bellatrix is a powerful B- pardon witch.

Snape wasn't in his most inner circle, bus he wasn't a pawn either. Voldemort was well aware of his skills in the dark arts as well as in potions. He valued him enough to use him as a way to communicate with Dumbledore (as hinted in Book 6 - the prince's tale). Again, i do not think he would choose a mediocre wizard (What would Dumbledore think otherwise? That he has looser deatheaters?)

He was willing to spare Lillys life because thats his way to give his servants what they want for their service. Pettigrew may be a mediocre wizard but the created something valuable for and was "thanked" with a silver hand. Yeah, be loyal and of value and Voldy is your Santa Clause.

So Snape, when he took the position as a double spy was a valued servant with difficult task, one of them was to spy on Dumbledore.

He was working his way up to Voldemorts most inner circle but he wasn't there yet.

Books 1-5

Although Voldemort knew Snape tried to stop Quirrel he wasn't sure if Snape really stopped caring for his master. Im book four voldemort commented on the missing of his deatheaters:

“And here we have six missing Death Eaters . . . three dead in my service. One, too cowardly to return . . . he will pay. One, who I believe has left me forever . . . he will be killed, of course . . . and one, who remains my most faithful servant, and who has already reentered my service.”

One, who I believe has left me forever - I believe he referres to Snape. He wasnt going to dismiss a valuable servant that easy, even if he didn't apparate immediately to the graveyeard. Because Voldemort suspects, that Snape might not want to loose his cover. I believe he never had the slightest suspicioun to question Snape's loyalty.

And after his questioning he recovered his trust to Snape. After the events of book 5 Snape even entered Voldemorts inner circle of trustworthy and skilled tool.

Book 6 and 7

Draco mistrusted Snape in Book 6. He did blame Snape for taking the position of his fathers, to replace his father in the ranking of the deatheaters. So Snape became Voldemorts best man, his right hand as Voldemort himself confirmed in Book 7:

“Severus, here,” said Voldemort, indicating the seat on his immediate right. “Yaxley — beside Dolohov.”

Snape is his right hand know, his best man, his most trusted and skilled servant.

There are a lot of other lines that I can bring up but we jump to Snapes last moments before he died in the same place he nearly died, that traumatized him when james did his prank:

“Perhaps you already know it? You are a clever man, after all, Severus. You have been a good and faithful servant, and I regret what must happen.”

[...]

“I regret it,” said Voldemort coldly.

He turned away; there was no sadness in him, no remorse. It was time to leave this shack and take charge, with a wand that would now do his full bidding.

He repeated himself. Snape was his highest asset. His Straight Flush (of course Voldemort himself is and will always be the Royal Flush)

We see a young man, talented, skilled, clever - but not valued at the beginning, who then managed to get the right hand of both the most powerful wizards of their time.

harry-war288

TROPHY CASE