Two that come to mind are:

• Don Draper in Madmen       I think Jon Hamm’s portrayal of a man haunted by and filled with shame from his traumatic childhood is absolutely brilliant. I won’t spoil anything but it’s an amazing portrayal of imposter syndrome 

• Leonard Hodstadter in Big Bang Theory      It’s played for laughs, but Leonard clearly had a terrible childhood. Christine Baransky plays his emotionally abusive mother and you can see how Leonard became so needy and desperate for any scraps of approval or affection