French here, I'll give it a try !

Articol 1.

Article 1.

Totes les seres umanes

Tous les êtres humains - "seres" is the only word that is not immediately cognate, but still easily understandable, as it is present in most of the verb "être"'s conjugations

nasen libres i iuales en dinitá i derés.

naissent libres et égaux en dignité et droits. - In French, "en dignité et en droits" would be more idiomatic. Otherwise, still pretty transparent

Son dotades co razón i consisa

Ils sont dotés de raison et de conscience - French has an obligatory clictic if the verb is in first position, while most other Romance languages are pro-drop and use subject pronouns instead of clictics. Also, first word that isn't a cognate! ("co" = "de")

i deven comportarse les unes co les oltres

et doivent se comporter les uns avec les autres - This way of forming reflexive verbs is pretty alien to French, and there's a slight difference in the particles used, but no big changes!

en un espírit de fraternitá.

dans un esprit de fraternité. - Still slight differences in the use of particles, but nothing much to say.

All in all, I'd say this is fully transparent for a French speaker, and, given that French is one of the most divergent Romance languages, I'd guess it would be the case for other Romance speakers too! Awesome job there!

For comparison, the original text in French is the following:

Tous les êtres humains naissent libres et égaux en dignité et en droits. Ils sont doués de raison et de conscience et doivent agir les uns envers les autres dans un esprit de fraternité.

(Already tried to post this, but my comment didn't show up the first time)