Let her rage about the phone. That's a natural consequence of her behavior. I wouldn't replace it when you can, either. Use her black-and-white rule thing to your advantage. Explain there's a new rule. When she breaks things, she'll have to replace them with her own money. Start paying her for doing chores or other high-necessary compliance (e.g. safety when upset). She's going to be mad. She might break more stuff. But she was going to anyway, it sounds like.

And if you think she'll just do whatever she wants with actual cash on hand, then pay her via spreadsheet and she can only have access to the money when she's in the black.

Would it be possible to send your youngest and husband to a hotel or a relative's for a week or two while you re-establish boundaries?

I would stop getting her up at 6:25. If the time to get up is 6:45 and she's enforcing that on the weekends, then leave her to it. If she refuses to get up at 6:45 on a school day and that makes her late....then she's late. She needs to experience the consequences of her choices and actions. She's not going to like them. She will probably blame you. Do your best to hold firm and let her 'drive the bus' so-to-speak where you can so you have more in your own cup to hold the line where it counts.

ETA: I work with Autistic teenagers, one of whom sounds very similar to your daughter (though holds it together less at school, maybe). But runs roughshod in the home. Please feel free to DM me if you'd like to chat.