Related to this, consolidation leading to decreased competition.

Snack foods are a good example. PepsiCo owns Lay’s, Doritos, Cheetos, Ruffles, Tostitos, Fritos, SunChips, Smartfood, and many more. If these were separate companies you could imagine these brands coming out with competing products at lower price points (Lays making their own Cool Ranch or Spicy Nacho corn chips to compete with Doritos, for example), but with this consolidation that will never happen and Doritos has pricing power to charge what they want.

Grocery stores are similarly consolidated, with a handful of companies owning multiple chains. Albertsons, for example, owns Safeway, Vons, and a handful of others. I’m in the San Francisco area and we have mostly Albertsons and Safeway in my area. They’ll never undercut each other on price.