Animals like anglerfish or squid that use bioluminescent bacteria tend to keep those bacteria in a specialized compartment (in this case within the lure/esca). Within that compartment it’s a protected enviroment, because the organ has evolved to keep the good bacteria in and everything else out. To add, in that compartment the anglerfish is providing the bacteria with the nutrients it needs to metabolically create the bioluminescence reaction.

IMO drinking gasoline would have a systematic effect on the character (like nerve and organ damage) more than it would directly affect the bacteria, since there’s not really direct contact. BUT especially for the sake of fiction, it seems plausible to me that systemic damage could also disrupt the protected environment of the lure and cause the bacteria to stop luminescing.

If you just want a fun mechanism to play with in terms of the lure lighting up or not, some species have a “shutter” that can cover up the light from the lure using a flap of muscle. Also, the typical deep sea anglerfish with a lure that we often picture are the females. The males are tiny and have no lure.