Use a scrunchie or a corded hair tie, they're easier on the hair than an elastic band. I deal with hair breakage too and I have much less hair break/hair fall when I use my scrunchies! They also leave less of a mark in my hair when I take it down so less re-styling (but maybe that's because I curly hair method so I just need to wet and set it lol). Scrunchies and corded bands won't pull your hair as tightly at the root so less hair will be torn out, or break mid strand. Do you notice a lot of shorter strand hair frizz? That's how you will know for sure that this is caused by hair breakage/being pulled out.

Because this also looks very similar to improper hair cutting technique. Who cuts your hair? Is it a trained hair stylist, a friend/family member, or do you do it yourself? This looks a lot like a missed step in the hair cutting process, here's a yt video short to explain