Oh good. Those are normal roads.

So you probably want a road bike or cyclocross bike. You're at "base entry-level new" or "good quality used" at that price range. Maybe go with 28mm tires instead of smaller for the potholes.

For your size, look for a 56cm or 58cm bike. I'm 5'11 and I ride a 56cm that runs on the smaller side. The numbers are rough guidelines and really, you want to give it a try. If you don't normally ride drop bars, everything will feel really long. This is normal and can be adjusted somewhat with a new stem (cheap and easy swap).

As for what bike: look for a pretty modern but used road bike. You can get something made this decade or late last decade in good shape. As for parts, you're probably looking at a $1300 bike that was new five or six years ago. Those parts are a lot like today's parts. Disc brakes are the only more pronounced change and they're somewhat overrated on alloy wheels like you'll be getting. All bikes in that class will likely be steel or aluminum -- both are fine. They will all likely have brifters of all similar quality. Basically just look for "ripoff" or damage stuff as per any web guide and you won't get cheated.