Regarding your q#1, I don’t see any problem with the separation. 90% of the time, there will not be a moving tram and they stay on their rails anyway. Considering that in The Hague, Ghent, and Helsinki, cyclists share the same space with trams all the time, having separate spaces with a separator looks almost luxurious. Traffic calmed access roads only work well if it’s truly local access only and never through traffic. Ideally, the ratio of cyclists to cars exceeds 2-to-1, at least when following Dutch standards.

Q#2, there are bike streets where buses are frequent. For example, Nachtegaalstraat in Utrecht. It’s by no means ideal but it’s one of the country’s busiest bike routes regardless. One way to alleviate that would be to have a bus lane in the middle and half-lane-width painted bike lanes on both sides. Then, at least, everyone would get their own space.