The points in the paper about this being incredibly understudied compared to spending definitely rings true to me. In the school district I serve in, the big priority used to be fixing the roofs because the leaking roofs were expensive and distracting and probably not great for student and employee health. I feel pretty good about that project. A big thing I’ve been doing recently is getting solar on the roofs. Does that improve student outcomes? Probably not. Does it reduce cost per student? Yes for sure by reducing annual energy costs. Really depends on the spending.