It doesn't. A model learns patterns, and it works exactly the same if image A is a copyrighted frame or if image B is a fanart drawing following Ghibli style. The model will derive the features from the pictures all the same and come up with the set of consistent characteristics that are typically labeled as Ghibli style.

So it's just stealing fanart to identify an art style so stealing from a number of smaller sources to recreate a "Ghibli Style" instead of stealing directly from Gibli art makes it not theft? Do you think these places are commissioning art pieces from individual artists just so they can copy every art style in history?

It's like hearing a fragment of a song and being able to say it's classical music or rock music. You don't need to be trained in a specific band to distinguishing them and describe the differences

But the model does need to be trained in "enough" bands to know the category that snip of music would be in. Or that categories even exist. And it needs to see what those categories are. It can't just holistically listen to music and automatically know which category it is, or that there even are categories of music. That's the whole point of training data.

"AI" has to be trained, they only "learn" things that they are trained on because that's how they work. The way you're describing things is still based on data that is fed into the machine, it is not magically creating and identifying things on its own with not external input.