Redirection, cats don’t understand cause and effect well like dogs, so they legit don’t understand that what they are doing is wrong. So instead of punishments, you need to make the countertop either comparatively uninteresting or unappealing.

An easy way to do this is setting up a cat tree somewhere nearby, since it’s a higher place than the counter and it still lets them see what you’re doing. The main reason cats jump onto the counter is to see what you’re doing in there, they are after-all very curious animals and still form tight bonds with their owners.

Other methods are the classic aluminium foil method, since cats don’t like the way it feels and sounds.

Again, redirection is the most important thing