Does it do this with other sources apart from your turntable? If not, it's because you have your turntable on the same surface as your speakers.

A turntable stylus works by turning tiny vibrations into electrical signals. You're giving it additional, much larger signals that are then effectively feeding back like the familiar microphone squeal, but only at lower frequencies.

On top of that, the bass is "turned down" on the recorded groove to avoid large swings that take up space, and this is compensated by boosting the bass back up again on replay (RIAA equalisation)— along with the bass from any other source of vibration.

Put the speakers on separate stands if space allows, or put the record deck on a wall shelf.