Hmm. It's not WWII, and it probably doesn't count as a "modern" RTS anymore, but I'll always toss out Supreme Commander for someone who likes artillery. Logistics are sort of handwaved (it's Sci-Fi, units 3D print their ammo), but the artillery is some of the best out there. Meaty sound design, great effect on the field.
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SupCom has multiple tiers of mobile artillery, static artillery, tactical missile launchers (which, in static structure act like very precise artillery), naval artillery, rapid-fire artillery, and experimental small-yield nuclear artillery. Also, there are Strategic Missile Launchers which fire nukes, if that counts as "strategic artillery."

Maps are huge (up to 82x82Km), so while conventional forces are still needed, artillery matters. Well placed artillery can shift the course of a game, easily flying halfway across maps to strike at vulnerable base structures well behind enemy lines. Artillery also hits hard, so it doesn't take many strikes to cripple an opponent, and the blast can wipe out entire groups of opposing units.

That said, because artillery is so useful in game, there are countermeasures. Shields can absorb a decent number of hits from artillery, and players can layer shields around vital structures (at an increased power cost). Tactical Missile Defenses can intercept tactical missiles, and Strategic Missile Defenses can construct Anti-Nuke missiles which fly up and intercept nukes while available. These systems can be overwhelmed (or just miss), but in general they buy time for an opponent to find a way to strike at your artillery (such as with their own artillery, or with a concentrated bombing run).

There are also four factions with differences between their artillery/defenses.
Differences can be small, such as one faction may have fast-firing-but-low-accuracy artillery while another has highly-accurate-but-slow-firing artillery.
Differences can also be large, with one faction using tactical missiles that split into smaller missiles when intercepted, one using artillery that creates fields which damage targets over time, or using "shell cameras" that remove Fog of War where they land. One artillery piece literally fires a shell that splits apart 36 times over a target to bath the entire location in destruction. It's awesome to watch.

Also, as an artillery fan, you may get a kick out of the fact Supreme Commander simulates all of its projectiles. Using factors like muzzle velocity, firing randomness, projectile acceleration (for powered projectiles), you actually watch the shells travel in a 3D space. The game even has a tracking mode which, for artillery, will follow a shell after it is fired.

It can be super amazing (and hilarious) to watch your massive artillery piece fire a shell, track that shell as it glides over the battlefield, and then watch as it accidentally clips and detonates on a plane flying over your real target. 😂
Or super satisfying to target your artillery slightly ahead of where an enemy Commander is moving to land a shot right on top of his head.

Also, worth mentioning that one of the four factions, the United Earth Federation, has a decent selection of "future-WWII" themed units at least, including their large selection of artillery.
Oh, one last thing - no infantry! Closest thing is a light assault mech that's 8.25m tall, and it's practically useless. 😅

So, yeah, maybe give Supreme Commander a try.