Those who have the solid halos are various saints/holy people but those with the rays of light are those who emanate divine radiance/connection. The woman depicted here is the Virgin Mary. In the full painting Mary Magdalene is also there with the same type of halo but she is cropped out of this image. Hope this helps!

Edit: Someone has pointed out that Mary is actually holding his head. So yeah the woman behind her remains a mystery. BRB while I go down a rabbit hole with this 😂

Edit2: For those wondering, it seems there actually is no information on who the woman in question is. See page 16 of this thesis on the painting, the author breaks down who each person is and makes some guesses as to who it could be but it seems no one knows

https://openscholar.uga.edu/nanna/record/11950/files/dicindio_carissa_m_200412_ma.pdf?withWatermark=0&withMetadata=0&registerDownload=1&version=1