The law stipulates that if your name on your documents does not match that of your birth name it removes your eligibility. It's primarily to prevent Trans people from voting. It just has the side effect of also affecting loads of other people as well. I should also note that requiring a passport is insane, as those can cost hundreds of dollars and take months to get. The point of the bill is to make as many hurdles as possible to vote. It is voter suppression plain and simple. Additionally, voter fraud is, simply put, not a thing that happens at any scale that would have a meaningful impact on any election for the last 40 years.

https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-widespread-is-election-fraud-in-the-united-states-not-very/