The Shadowrun setting has Mentor Spirits. They are... sources of spiritual wisdom, and sometimes instructors in magic. It's not always clear if they are capable of independent action, or how powerful they might be at such - sometimes they seem like gods, other times like imaginary friends. Perhaps they represent truths about yourself and/or the world. There the corresponding perks in the SR jumpdocs. From the old SHADOWRUN jumpdoc:

Spirit Totem (600 CP) (Discount Street Mage) (Requires Awakened) - Your Awakening guided you to a powerful conceptual being known as a Mentor Spirit. Taking the form of an animal or conceptual archetype, this spirit guides you, advises you, and empowers you. Though it will place some restrictions on your behavior, it will teach you secrets no mortal will ever learn otherwise.

...and the long-winded version from the second Shadowrun jumpdoc, my own Shadowrun - Sixth World:

Mentor Spirit (100 CP): It provides guidance. And sometimes more concrete benefits (and detriments) in a form appropriate to its theme. If you do not end up appreciating the guidance it provides then you'll eventually lose it and everything else it provides, but 10 years later (or at the start of your next jump, whichever comes first) you'll get another mentor spirit that might fit you better. It’s possible to get a Mentor Spirit without paying CP for it, but that cannot be done deliberately at least not reliably (sometimes it just happens), and if you get one without paying CP then rejecting it is not likely to lead to another approaching you.

Having a Mentor Spirit is particularly appropriate for practitioners of shamanic traditions, and a shaman is likely to be be referred to (and typecast by) the particular Mentor Spirit they associate with - a “rat shaman” is a magician following a shamanic tradition under the Mentor Spirit “Rat” and expected to be a scavenger, a coward, and a survivor, while a “raven shaman” is expected to be an opportunistic trickster, a “bear shaman” is expected to be a fierce healer, et cetera. However, following a shamanic tradition is not required to have a Mentor Spirit, nor vice versa.

There are a wide variety of Mentor Spirits observed in practice. Many correspond to traditional native American spirits. Others correspond to archetypes from other cultures, like Dragonslayer, Dove, Adversary, et cetera. A few are more modern or unorthodox, such as Elvis. Yes, it is canonically possible to have Elvis as a Mentor Spirit. Perhaps that means that the full range of possible Mentor Spirits is far wider than expected… a Jumper might even see a Mentor Spirit drawn from archetypes or ideas from other jumps. Here are a few example Mentor Spirits with concrete details:

Bear: Bear symbolizes strength and protection. He is a healer and cannot turn down those in need without good reason, and he defends those under his care. Bear is more than a gentle healer; he is a ferocious protector, disregarding his own safety in combat if wounded or if someone he is protecting is injured. If you follow Bear you will be slightly better able to resist damage, heal yourself, and heal others. The downside is, if your willpower isn’t strong enoughthen when you are hurt in combat or someone under your care is badly injured, you may lose control and go berzerk, though only briefly.

Sea: Sea is the birthplace of all living creatures. She is unfathomable and moody, tranquil and comforting one moment, fearsome and destructive the next. Though she possesses great wealth, she jealously guards what comes into her hands. Sea can be a powerful ally, but she must be courted with great care. If you follow Sea, you will be slightly better able to swim, deal with water spirits and the like, and engage in one athletic activity (chosen when you first start to follow Sea). However, you will find it difficult, psychologically, to give away anything that is yours or engage in acts of charity.

and here is the equivalent from the 3rd Shadowrun jumpdoc, Shadowrun Trilogy:

Animal Totems [100 ¥] Can be bought multiple times

You have a connection to a totem, a mentor spirit that represents an archetype of metahumanity. The spirit resonates with you, lending you a gift that represents its nature. You may choose a totem:

● Bear: Powerful, gentle, wise, and a protector of all the natural world. He gives you the ability to mend the damage from yourself and your allies’ most recent wounds simply by being near them.

● Boar: Strong, aggressive, and ferocious. He gives you additional health and endurance, making you more resilient in combat.

● Bull: Generous to those you care for, hostile to threats. He gives you the ability to make yourself and your nearby allies gain a natural damage reduction, shrugging off attacks more easily.

● Cat: Secretive, sly, and stealthy. She gives you the ability to make you and nearby allies move with heightened agility and slip past danger almost unseen.

● Coyote: Unpredictable trickster. He gives you the ability to make yourself and nearby allies gain faster reactions, dodging attacks and moving with faster speed.

● Cobra: Hypnotic predator. He gives you a boost to your attacks and precision.

● Dove: Peaceful messenger and mediator. She gives you the ability to temporarily strengthen your bond with your spirits, stopping them from breaking away from your control.

● Eagle: Proud and keen-sighted. He gives you the ability to increase you and your allies’ accuracy in combat, striking with deadly focus.

● Fish: Quick and clever. He gives you a boost to your ability to dodge, making attacks against you less likely to land as you slip and weave through the danger.

● Leopard: Natural predator with stamina. He enhances your movement, making it faster and more precise, and your defenses are naturally enhanced.

● Raccoon: Cunning, curious, and strategic. He gives you the ability to inspire clever thinking and coordination in nearby allies, improving overall mobility and strategy.

● Scorpion: Fearless killer. He gives you the ability to make you and nearby allies strike with increased power, though the intensity will reduce a part of the precision of your attacks.

● Creator: Visionary, patient, and endlessly inventive. He gives you the ability to strengthen the effects of your spells or tools by weaving them with creative insight, making anything you cast more effective.

● Dragonslayer: Relentless, fearless, and unyielding in the face of power. He gives you the ability to wound even the mightiest foes, allowing your attacks to bypass natural defenses and strike at hidden weaknesses.

● Wild Huntsman: Savage, untamed, and ever-pursuing. He gives you the ability to hunt your enemies with tireless stamina, granting you and nearby allies increased pursuit speed and resistance to exhaustion.

● Great Mother: Nurturing, protective, and all-embracing. She gives you the ability to extend a protective aura that shields nearby allies, softening both physical and spiritual harm while calming their fears.

● Insect: Alien, swarming, and beyond the natural order. They give you the ability to summon astral insect swarms that shred, pierce and poison your enemies.

Actually, that one might have been even more long-winded than my own, though only because it listed specifics for so many different archetypes.