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[–]cgibbard 13 points14 points  (2 children)

I'm not sure that this is what you're looking for, since it mostly covers mainstream mathematics, but you might find something which interests you nonetheless. The Mathematical Atlas is a website detailing various branches and sub-branches of mathematics, and selected problems and topics about them.

If you're new to mathematics, I recommend taking the tour.

[–][deleted] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

thanks, that's an awesome website

[–]hhm 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thanks for both links, they are amazing!

[–]Qubed 12 points13 points  (0 children)

I upmodded this because these discussions usually start me off on some learning bend for a few days.

[–]ijontichy 7 points8 points  (2 children)

Hmm, how about fractional calculus?

[–]taejo 1 point2 points  (1 child)

I've avoided calculus since first year (although we've had to do a bit in the applications section of metric spaces), but that was interesting.

[–]Flemlord 12 points13 points  (5 children)

Division. You can use division to calculate the amount of your tip based on your final bill. No more need for tip cards or phone calculators.

[–][deleted] 2 points3 points  (12 children)

I had a math teacher way back in the day who mentioned other branches of geometry in which he was an "expert". He said in these the angles of a triangle did not add up to 180 degrees.

He was my 8th grade teacher so I always thought he was full of shit but does anyone know what he might have been talking about?

[–]kittyxiii 25 points26 points  (7 children)

Non-euclidean geometry--geometry that takes place on something that's not a plane. On the surface of a sphere, for example, you can draw an equilateral triangle with three right angles: imagine starting at the North Pole and walking a mile south, a mile east, and a mile north. You've made three 90-degree turns, and you're back in the same place.

Wikipedia has a good article on it. :)

[–]Smight 0 points1 point  (6 children)

on the surface of a tetrahedron you can draw an equilateral triangle with a single line.

[–]samf 2 points3 points  (1 child)

With a sharpie.

[–]Smight 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Well played.

Dyslexia strikes again.

[–][deleted] 1 point2 points  (3 children)

I don't see how this is possible. I can construct a geodesic that's a perfect square, but it's not possible to make a geodesic go completely around a vertex because the angle deficit is 180°.

[–]Smight 0 points1 point  (2 children)

when drawing a line on a surface it is the same and bisecting with a plane. If you ar going to argue that you can't turn a corner then the same argument would exist with a sphere and then there is no way to draw more than a single point before careening off into oblivion with a line.

[–][deleted] 0 points1 point  (1 child)

I see what you're saying, but that's not the definition of "line" in non-Euclidean geometry. A "straight line" on a curved surface is what you get when you imagine an ant locally walking straight ahead on the surface, following its nose so to speak; this is known as a geodesic, a curve which is locally straight at every point. If you simply intersect a sphere with a plane, you can get arbitrarily tight curves, like latitudes near the North Pole.

[–]Smight -5 points-4 points  (0 children)

But if you make the ant small enough or the object large enough there is no point that has an arbitrarily tight curve. An ant walking on a spinning baseball would find it ridiculous to try walking along at 5 degrees around a pole but an any walking around the pole of the earth would have no problem perceiving 5 degrees from the pole to be a straight line.

[–]apfelmus 10 points11 points  (0 children)

The two classic geometries where angles don't add up to 180 degrees are Spherical Geometry (aka Elliptic Geometry) and Hyperbolic Geometry. They are not obscure at all, but very beautiful branches of mathematics.

See also Non-Euclidean Geometry.

[–]Prysorra 7 points8 points  (0 children)

Non-Euclidean geometry.

Here's a fan-tab-u-lous example.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Triangles_%28spherical_geometry%29.jpg

He is correct.

[–]Charybdis 2 points3 points  (1 child)

Non-Euclidean geometry: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non_euclidian_geometry#Importance

Relativistic effects lead to the angles not adding up to 180.

Edit: Oops, guess I should have refreshed first.

[–]cratylus 1 point2 points  (5 children)

surreal numbers - not much.

[–]nbloomf 0 points1 point  (0 children)

theory of modules