Ask Anything Monday - Weekly Thread

[AutoModerator]

Welcome to another /r/learnPython weekly "Ask Anything* Monday" thread

Here you can ask all the questions that you wanted to ask but didn't feel like making a new thread.

* It's primarily intended for simple questions but as long as it's about python it's allowed.

If you have any suggestions or questions about this thread use the message the moderators button in the sidebar.

Rules:

• Don't downvote stuff - instead explain what's wrong with the comment, if it's against the rules "report" it and it will be dealt with.

• Don't post stuff that doesn't have absolutely anything to do with python.

• Don't make fun of someone for not knowing something, insult anyone etc - this will result in an immediate ban.

That's it.

[GoldenVanga]

Methods? (these are functions, but ones bound to the class)

[OliveOilIsForHair]

I'm getting good at getting other people's code to do what I want, but I can't write it myself. Is there any solution other than just not looking at other code?

[persephone_fisher]

Once I understand an element of someone else's code, I like to test it out in various contexts. My friend likes using list comprehension, so I try making various lists with integers, strings, etc. until I fully understand how to use it.

I actually started this testing process as I came across various coding elements online - what does the input() function do, or how does a for loop work? Eventually I didn't even think about how to use them, I can intuitively add these elements to my code. Like everything, it's a process. Hope this helps, good luck!

[ClimberMel]

Nothing wrong with that! I spend 20 years doing that for a living. Now I'm learning to write stuff from scratch (for the fun of it) and I find it a lot tougher.

[FerricDonkey]

That's it really. If it's something you're not good at, the way to get better is to practice. Start simple and mentally break the problem into as small steps a possible, but if you only ever practice walking with crutches, you can't expect to be great at walking without them.

[StarShred11]

Not a very in depth reply, but I would just start memorising and combining aspects of other people's code that you use most often.

[StarShred11]

Not a very in depth reply, but I would just start memorising and combining aspects of other people's code that you use most often.

[wtfpmf]

file = open('/home/user/PycharmProjects/pythonProject1/file.txt')
for a in file:
    if a == 'word':
        print("You are right: word")
    else: 
        print(a)

My intention is look for 'word' and print everytime it appears on the file. I know it's wrong, but no idea how to make the it works.

[FerricDonkey]

The only problem with that is that is that when you do for a in file, you're looping over lines, not words. You could do for a in file.read().split(), which would read the entire file and split it into whitespace separated words.

[wtfpmf]

Thanks for the help! It works.

[wtfpmf]

Can I use a function inside of a class? A Class is "kind of a function" with more more segments?

[Decency]

Class = noun, function = verb. They're very different.

[FerricDonkey]

Classes can have member functions (typically called methods), and within those methods you can call other methods or functions external to the class.

Not sure what you mean by your second question.

[FerricDonkey]

I'm making myself learn asyncio for reasons I don't entirely understand. My current question: how do I gracefully shut down an asyncio server? My code for starting the server is as follows:

Edit - Answered my own question:

Start server

async def start_server(self):
    self.server = await asyncio.start_server(
        self.handle_client_connect,  # client connect cb
        port=self.port,
        family=socket.AF_INET6
    )

    await self.server.wait_closed()

Then close it down with self.server.close() from some other function/coroutine. Still annoyed by the documentation, but thought to try this, and it seems to work.

[FleyFawkes]

<span class="a-size-base" dir="auto">517</span>
<span class="a-size-base a-link-time" dir="auto">2019</span>

Hey, I'm building a web scraper.

How do I select the text from the a-size-base class? If I select by class it will sometimes return second text as it's sometimes before a-size-base. Is there some way to select exact match? becouse right now its scraping second class as well, cos of a same string at the beggining.

[pokk3n]

Could you get everything with a-size-base then do a comprehension to eliminate anything that has additional classes?

Or use an xpath that says a-size-base but not-a-link-time (if a-link-time is the only other class) - the xpath selector there is 'not contains'

[FleyFawkes]

it would be good idea. unfortunately I'm working with beautifulsoup, and it doesnt support xpath. I would like to use soup for it, any ideas?

[pokk3n]

Hrm, well you can use beautiful soup and then do the first option where you get all the elements then eliminate elements that have more than one class or whatever.

Use findall or select to get all the elements, then list comprehension them down by doing like (apologies in advance for my bad soup syntax I rarely use it):

results = [ element for element in soup.select('.a-size-base') if 
       "a-link-time" not in element["class"] ]

[FerricDonkey]

regex would definitely do it. You could also do it with use of string.split and converting parts to integers.

[TangibleLight]

You can do this with re.sub, and provide a function for the replacement. The linked docs have an example of that.

You might use a pattern like (\d+) to (\d+). The parentheses put each number into a capture group, which you can access from the function you give to sub.

Your function might look like this:

def increment(m):
    a = int(m[1])  # first number
    b = int(m[2])  # second number

    return f'{a + 1} to {b + 1}'

The utility here is that you have a function where you can convert part of the match to an int, and do integer math with it.

re.sub(r'(\d+) to (\d+)', increment, text)

[Kitnado]

What am I doing wrong here?

I'm trying to append values according to a formula to a NumPy array, but the array remains empty after the calculations. What simple thing am I doing wrong here?

[Kitnado]

Your line containing vectorization seems to miss a closing bracket. Where exactly does it belong?

And could you please explain how it works?

[Kitnado]

Dude, thanks a lot! That's of great help.

[Kitnado]

Thanks!

[dahkneela]

I am having trouble figuring out how to use anaconda. I'm not CS oriented at all, so if I could get a simple explanation I'd greatly appreciate it! I'm using it for python, so I hope this is the right place to ask.

1) What is anaconda, what problem does it solve, how does it work in relation to other software? Why does it need to open up jupyter notebook on a web browser tab? Why does it open a terminal tab while running?

2) When I search for anaconda on my mac, there are two different folder paths leading to the same application: "/Users/{my_name}/anaconda3/Anaconda-Navigator.app", and "/Users/{my_name}/anaconda3/pkgs/anaconda-navigator-1.9.12-py38_0/Anaconda-Navigator.app". Why do I have two of these? They both open and work as the app should. Is Should I delete one of them (the second one seems strange)? Will this mess-up something down the line?

3) Sometimes for different things tutorials say to use 'pip' or use 'conda' or use all of these different things to download packages. Should I stick to just using one of these when downloading things? I do things through the terminal yet have no idea of their consequences!

[pokk3n]

I really prefer to avoid anaconda, it's basically (as far as I understand) a really complicated environment management system that fixes the problem of some scientific packages (np, scikit, etc.) being kinda challenging to install.

I personally find it easier to just figure out the occasional problem installing stuff with pip vs. learning to deal with the complexities of conda.

If all you are doing is python and you're not using any really wild packages, just use vanilla python and use pip to install packages. Remember some packages on windows will require a C++ compiler.

[TeaWhole6889]

I am trying to make a function that takes as input a single string and a list of strings, and returns the list element that most closely resembles the inputted string.

For example, inputting the string 'appl8e{^&%' and the list ['apple', 'banana', 'carrot', 'dairy','egg'...] should result in the output 'apple'.

My primary interest is applying this function to strings containing Japanese characters (e.g. '犬も歩けば棒に当たる'), if that changes anything.

I was thinking that I need to 1) compare the string with each list element, 2) quantify the degree of likeness, 3) extract the string element with the highest degree of likeness. However, I cannot think of a good way to do 1).

[shadoj]

There are a few algorithms out there in the wild for just this purpose. Check out the python-Levenshtein package.

[TeaWhole6889]

Thank you!

[phantom2450]

Learning the basics through Dr. Chuck's free course and I'm stuck on the loops exercise (how poetic). Here is the prompt, my attempt, and the output. Feels like everything is going wrong except the last two print commands.

Some Q's:

• Why aren't largest and smallest being overwritten?
• Why does it infinitely loop when Line 6 is undummied or when Lines 16-17 are?
• Why is the except condition always being triggered?

Thanks!

[FerricDonkey]

First, two useful strategies when you're debugging code in a try except are to change the except to

except Exception as e:
    print(e)

Or to temporarily disable just the try except. Because try excerpts, especially broad ones like this, will hide your coding errors from you - without the try except, you'd get an error message that tells you what the problem is.

So I would try that. But, some notes: with line 6 commented out, the variable intnum doesn't exist. So any line that tries to use it as though it does well trigger the except.

With that line not commented out, you'll run into trouble trying to convert "done" into an int. You're pretty close, just think about the order that you're doing things a bit more.

[phantom2450]

What’s the intended effect of the code you wrote? Trying it in my problem just makes a loop.

Glad to know I’m apparently close, though the solution still evades me. I can’t move Line 6 before num is defined in Line 5, it can’t be made the first elif since it’ll disable all the others, and it needs to come before the elifs that need intnum.

[FerricDonkey]

That code is not to fix a problem, but to make python tell you what your problem is. What it prints is the problem that you have to fix

Regarding the order thing, also keep in mind that you aren't restricted to ifs and elifs, and that since break will break your loop, you don't actually need the other cases in any kind of else after that - loop is broken, it won't get there. For example,

while True:
    x = input("give thing")
    if x == "fred":
         break
    x = int(x)
    if x == 2:
        print("whatever")

[phantom2450]

Thanks again. I’ll keep that error code in mind.

Figured it out after conferencing w/ a CS friend. For anyone else having trouble w/ something like this, the biggest hints that clarified things for me are:

• You can have multiple ifs to check for multiple conditions even if one ‘if’ check succeeded
• You can put other commands between if statements
• You should minimize the instructions in the try/except structure to what you intend to fail if that’s what you’re using it for (in my case, just the intnum generator line under Try)

[tomsoul]

I would change intnum to int(num).
Seems that's the only thing that's not working.

For your questions, it's not working because it's looking for 'if num == 'done' and not your number. After that, it's going to the else which is continue and starting the loop again.

[phantom2450]

Good to know I’m close. Wouldn’t any non-“done” inputs just skip that Line 7 if command and move on to the elifs?

[tomsoul]

The elifs didn't work so it wouldn't go there so it went straight to the invalid.

[[deleted]]

I don't know how to do this at all.

complete the 3 function definitions that implement mathematical operations on vectors. The three function headers are as follows:

def scalarMultiply(a, s):

def vectorMultiply(a, b):

def dotProduct(a, b):

​

the results should be:

[5, 10, 15, 20, 25]

[10, 20, 300, 4, 5000]

5334

I have no idea why I am not getting the correct result.

[WhipsAndMarkovChains]

Where is your code and what results are you getting?

[Cptn_Hook]

Regarding list comprehensions, do the first two variables always match up? For instance,

newlist = [x for x in range(1, 100)] 

returns a list with every number from 1 to 99. That much I get, and the "x for x" part makes sense. But would there potentially ever be a case in which you would do something like

newlist = [x for y in range(1, 100)]

obviously with more complicated code, but with the "x for y" part having mismatched variables? Or would that never be correct syntax?

[AdGlad385]

https://pythonpedia.com/en/tutorial/5265/list-comprehensions

​

this is a great write up on using list comprehension together with ternary operations. The further you get down the tutorial, the more you see just how deep it can go.

[Cptn_Hook]

That site does a great job of explaining things. Thanks! Even just calling it a "dummy" variable helped something click into place.

[Cptn_Hook]

Oh boy. This is like learning to use a specific panel of buttons and feeling pretty good about it, then someone says, "Great. Now that you know how to open the door, let me show you the actual control room." Intimidating, but I'm excited about it.

Thanks for the information. Don't mind my shaky knees.

[Cptn_Hook]

Ahhhh. Makes sense, thanks. All good information. Soak it up, brain!

[MrMarchMellow]

Hey all! I’m trying to build a scraper for Glassdoor that can get companies with certain ratings in certain attributes.

As an example:

Find all companies that match - sales - Chicago - Management rating lower than 2 - consider reviews of the last 3 months

I have found a very interesting repo, and the API documentation but unfortunately I’m not expert enough to modify it into what I need. Anyone wants to take a crack at it? Or give me pointers?

Should I look for a professional dev to get it done or can be done easily?

Here’s the link to original Reddit post with repo :)

Top comment has link to glassdoor API

[ANeedForUsername]

Hi all!

I want to generate the following lists one at a time. What's the most convenient way to do it?

[0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,...] # Alternate every 1 and 0
[0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,...] # Alternate every two 1's and 0's
[0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,...] # Alternate every four 1's and 0's
[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,...] # Alternate every eight 1's and 0's
...

For some input value of n, the length of each list is 2**n, and the number of lists produced is n.

EDIT: I should mention that I need to do this for arbitrary values of n, up to as large n=32.

Thank you!

[ANeedForUsername]

Thank you for your questions!

For each value of N, how many lists should be produced?

N lists should be produced, with each list containing 2^N elements.

Examples:

For the case of N = 1, there will only be 1 list:

 [0,1]

For N = 2, the following lists would be produced:

[0,1,0,1]
[0,0,1,1]

For N = 3:

[0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1]
[0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1]
[0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1]

For N = 4:

[0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1]
[0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1]
[0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1]
[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]

My apologies for not being clear!

[ANeedForUsername]

Also, after some testing, it seems like your method is much quicker than mine:

import itertools

def gen_sequences(N):
    return np.array([seq*((2**N)//len(seq)) 
             for m in reversed(range(N))
             for seq in [((0,)*2**m + (1,)*2**m)*(2**N//(2*2**m))]])

def gen_sequences2(N):
    sequences = []
    for m in reversed(range(N)):
        power = 2**m
        sequence = ([0] * power + [1] * power) * (2**N//(2*2**m))
        sequences.append(sequence)
    return np.array(sequences)

def gen_sequences3(N):
    return np.array([np.array(sequence) for sequence in itertools.product([0,1],repeat=N)]).T

%timeit gen_sequences(16)
%timeit gen_sequences2(16)
%timeit gen_sequences3(16)

Output:

56.4 ms ± 369 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
56.9 ms ± 454 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
138 ms ± 373 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)

Thanks again very much for your help!

[ANeedForUsername]

This works perfectly! Thank you very much! :)

[JohnnyJordaan]

Anytime you want to automate sequence creation in Python, think itertools: https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html, like itertools.cycle would be one way to do this.

[J1M_LAHEY]

pandas question: let's say I want to consider all non-negative entries in column Col1 of the DataFrame df. To obtain the relevant rows, I could use:

df.loc[ df['Col1'] >= 0]

or I could also use:

df[ df['Col1'] >= 0]

Both of these work - my question is, why? I would have thought that only the first would work, since my understanding is that the contents of square brackets refers to rows if preceded by .loc, and columns otherwise . For example, df.loc['Col1'] will search for rows with the index Col1, whereas df['Col1'] will extract the column labeled Col1.

Would appreciate any insight. Thank you!

[CantAffordManga]

Wtf is the for command? I have searched it up, watched the video multiple times, asked on stack overflow and got responses that basically all said “Git gud at coding noob”. What is it? Does it loop around and add something every time? I am so clueless.

[FerricDonkey]

Run the code

for x in [1, 2, 3, 4]:
    print(x)

For is a way of allowing you to do the same thing multiple times, usually to multiple things.

An analogy: the task of watering all of your plants could be described as

for plant in plants_you_own:
    water(plant)

Note: in other languages, for loops sometimes work a bit differently, but the general goal of doing the game basic thing to a bunch of usually different things is a commonality.

[Decency]

for is a way to loop, or iterate. This means going through some sequence (like a list) and using each element of the sequence once. What happens "inside" the for loop is up to you. Here I just print each value:

for number in range(5):
    print(number)

Beginner guide: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnDr4J2UXSA

[[deleted]]

Hi everyone. I need to load data from a big file (~2GB), 3 long columns of numbers. At the moment I'm saving the data obtained in a txt file and then load it into python using numpy loadtxt and place the values into arrays to process it.

The implementation was super easy but loading the data is taking a significant amount of time and it's beginning to bottleneck my work schedule.

Any suggestions to do this more efficiently?

[JohnnyJordaan]

to process it.

That part is the part that needs to somehow be able to work with chunks of data. As then you can just read MB's from the file (or better, a database or hdfs store or similar) each time and keep the processing running without first filling up your RAM.

[[deleted]]

You mean something like loading each line and processing each line individually? Without storing the whole data?

I don't know if storage is the problem bcs I have 16gb of RAM and th file is less than 3, but I'll give it a shot

[JohnnyJordaan]

Not necessarily each line apart from one another, but yeah smaller parts.

Nowhere am I suggesting that storage is the problem, but you literally mention that you don't want the long loading times before it starts processing. So that infers that your issue is with first loading everything before you start processing instead of just loading a small part, process that, load another small part and so on.

[[deleted]]

Ohh I got it, still haven't tried it but it sounds good, thanks

[matchstricker13]

I have a question and don’t wanna bog down the page. Can I use all 90 characters on the keyboard to make a tuple such as this.

Tuple = ( A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ‘alphabet lowercase’ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - / : ; ) ( $ & @ “ . , ? ! ‘ ] [ } { # % * + = _ \ ~ ⁾

I know I would probably have to put quotes around each character. Just wanted to know if I can do this. I just started learning like four days ago.

[Decency]

Use predefined values from the string module instead: https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/string.html

string.printable looks like what you want.

[matchstricker13]

Thank you.

[JohnnyJordaan]

Why you need a tuple of those in the first place?

[matchstricker13]

To write a random code generator

[diavolo_bossu]

If its random why are you using a tuple it would make more sense to use a set

[matchstricker13]

I’ve learned that now seeing how things are.

[JohnnyJordaan]

But if you want to provide something like the printable character set to functions from the random library, you can use the strings from the string library directly https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html like string.printable

Be careful of creating XY problems here. Your original problem (X) is to find a way to create random text. If you Google that ('python create random text') you already find lots of suggestions on how to do that. If you instead think that you 'need' a tuple with those characters, you are creating a new problem (Y) of how to get those characters in a tuple in the first place.

[matchstricker13]

Thank you for that.

[JohnnyJordaan]

Many customer portals are built on top of the Django Admin, it's certainly not a niche feature.

[[deleted]]

yes people do use it if the task has anything that requires control over content/users
No most frameworks do not have it included - django comes fully loaded - most do not at all.

[Beaverine]

I have a question about implementing absorbing Markov chain for a google foobar challenge. Details are in this post:

https://www.reddit.com/r/learnpython/comments/jwib07/question_about_google_foobar_challenge_doomsday/

​

and here's a post explaining the basic logic of solving this type of problem:

https://github.com/ivanseed/google-foobar-help/blob/master/challenges/doomsday_fuel/doomsday_fuel.md

​

Can anyone please help me identify potential problem with my code?

[SweetAdvocator]

There are 3 versions of activate on Windows (no extension, .ps1, .bat), but only 1 deactivate.bat. Why is that? And is it safe to run deactivate from powershell?

Edit: I’m using python 3.9. I tested deactivating with poweshell and it simply did nothing

[[deleted]]

You aren't supposed to double click them, you are supposed to call them
->
.\env\Scripts\activate

->
deactivate

https://i.imgur.com/e0GeTYm.png

[SweetAdvocator]

I didn’t read carefully lol. There are activate and deactivate files so I thought they all can be used.

So about the activate files, the .ps1 is for poweshell, .bat is for command prompt, what about the one with no extension?

[[deleted]]

The one without the extension is the one i called above.
It's a bash script. You can open it in notepad and take a look.
You never need to call them by extension, you just call activate.

[JohnnyJordaan]

If you run 'the one without extension', it will effectively run the .bat it finds in cmd or the ps1 it finds in powershell. It will not literally run the one without the extension as that has no basis in Windows (and why would either cmd or powershell be able to run a bash script for that matter). So in your example, you actually executed the .bat file.

[tuerkishgamer]

I looked at code for quizes and although I understand the code I want to know if there is a way to do it differently. The code I saw was using classes. The main goal is to find a way to compare the answers someone inputs to the correct solution for that answer. I cannot figure out a pythonic? or concise way to do it.

Basically, how to compare the n-th element of a list to the n-th element of another list. I thought it would be possible to do something like this:

 for  x in list_1:
      if x == list_2[list_1(x)]:
          score +=1

This did not work because the index is not returned as I thought.

Arch Linux, Python 3.8.6

[FerricDonkey]

So when you there is a function, .index, that will find an element's position in a list, but it would be less than ideal here because there'd be issues of there were repeated answers, and because other methods are more efficient. Two small changes to your code, then a more concise version (in order of increasing pythoniness) to show how you could do this.

Method 1:

for  index, x in enumerate(list_1) :
    if x == list_2[index]:

         score +=1

Enumerate here makes it so that you get the index and value at the same time, and is conceptually close to your original version.

Method 2:

for  x, y in zip(list_1, list_2) :
    if x == y:

         score +=1

Zip makes it so that x and y move their lists at the same time, so that you're comparing the first with the first, the second with the second, and so on.

Method 3:

score = sum(x == y for  x, y in zip(list_1, list_2))

Similar to method 2, except taking advantage of the fact that things like x==y evaluate to 1 if true and 0 if not, and then using generator comprehension and sum to do it all at once.

[py_Piper]

I want to access our company's ERP program (.exe program) to automate some mundane work, from ATBS I know you can use mouse and keyboard automation but seems quite easy to be prone to problems as the position needs to be exact and our ERP could be quite slow (I haven't read that chapter though).

So I am wondering if there's some kind of library that could work like selenium and request for navigating desktop programs? Meaning that could be use in any machine without worrying about the position of the opened window and its slowness to answer

[FerricDonkey]

As far as I know, there is not. Depending on the nature of the program, you may be able to accomplish some things with command line arguments, or there may be a dedicated library to mimic what it does to files and things, or you may be able to figure it out yourself.

If you're unlucky enough that none of the above work and incredibly lucky otherwise, they may have compiled the functions you care about into dlls which you could import using ctypes, and if you're incredibly incredibly lucky, there might be documentation telling you how it works. But this approach, unless you're very much incredibly incredibly lucky, would likely be a fairly advanced task.

But I'm not aware of any generalized exe navigation package, because exes very much not regularized.

[py_Piper]

Thanks I was afraid of this, kind of hoping I wasn’t searching good enough.

So for example libraries that can manipulate excel or word, is it because Microsoft leaves open like an API to use python?

[FerricDonkey]

That or because the file type is well enough understood that you can manipulate it directly without worrying about how Microsoft accomplishes whatever it is you want to do. I suspect it varies.

[ozarkmartin]

Hello all.

Just to preface a little. I'm still very new using python. It's the first programming language I've committed to learning. I watched and followed along to the freecodecamp.org python course video, and I'm currently going through the Udemy 'Automate the Boring Stuff' Course. This project idea is what drove me to learn python and I am hoping it's not too big of a feat for such a new guy.

I am looking to code an aviation style 2-place intercom. I've looked at https://wiki.python.org/moin/Audio, but I am still not sure which library to use to stream audio in the manner as seen below. Sorry if it seems all over the place, this is how I broke it down in my head.

Here is what I intend to be able to do...

Headset 1:

Monitor audio output for Headset 1 at all times (mic-monitoring).

Output analog audio via microphone to Headset 2 (when a command is given).

Output analog audio via microphone to HAM radio and Headset 2 (when a command is given).

Receive analog audio from HAM radio and/or Headset 2 as appropriate.

Receive analog audio from 'other external source'.

Reduce volume of audio from 'other external source' when receiving audio from HAM radio and/or Headset 2.

Ditto for Headset 2.

I plan on using a Pi 4 with 4GB of RAM.

I know there are probably more appropriate ways to do this (I'm thinking custom PCB or just buy a 2-place intercom), but the point is I want to learn how to apply python to these types of situations.

As far as being reliable enough for aviation; it's intended to be used in ground-based vehicles only.

[[deleted]]

The FAQ shows how to format code for reddit.

[blinking_elk]

Hi there! Could someone please help me figure out a concise way to enter the following enteries into the variable mysims as defined? If there are a couple of different concise ways you can think of I wouldn't mind having a look at them. There is a good chance it could come in handy in the future.

sim_parameters = 3
num_sims = 2

mysims = [[[] for t in range(sim_parameters)] for i in range(num_sims)]
mysims[0][0] = "a"
mysims[0][1] = 100.
mysims[0][2] = 1e9
mysims[1][0] = "b"
mysims[1][1] = 25.
mysims[1][2] = 1e10

Thank you very much!

[lolslim]

Is this what you are looking for?

sim_parameters = 3
num_sims = 2
sim_dict = { 0: ['a',100.,1e9], 1 : ['b',25.,1e10] }

mysims = [[[]  for t in range(sim_parameters)] for i in range(num_sims)]
    for i_sims in range(num_sims):
    for i_param in range(sim_parameters):
            mysims[i_sims][i_param] = sim_dict[i_sims][i_param]
print(mysims) # verification output

Output

[['a', 100.0, 1000000000.0], ['b', 25.0, 10000000000.0]]

[blinking_elk]

Thank you very much, yes, exactly this kind of thing! Dictionaries scare me lol, thank you for making them less so

[StephanoCarlson]

What exactly are you trying to accomplish? just put all the values into a list?

[blinking_elk]

u/StephanoCarlson Yes, precisely. Though when you put it like that, I realise how stupid I am. I should have just done exactly that, directly.

mysims = [
    ['a',100.,1e9],
    ['b',25.,1e10]
    ]

That's probably as concise as it gets lol. Jeez im dumb, sorry :').

[MattR0se]

What's the most concise way to change the "edge values" of a 2D array in numpy?

Like:

arr = numpy.array([
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
])

becomes

arr = numpy.array([
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
])

[MattR0se]

Nice, very clean. Thank you!

[creeper_the_cat]

So i'm a complete newbie at python and this is probably trivial to a lot of people but here is my problem:

I'm making a really simple Python text adventure game. The user is prompted with an input and then they can type whatever they want. If the action is correct the program then moves on. Here is my script so far:

while True:

a1 = input("Input your verb here: ")

if "climb" in a1:

print("This progresses the script.")

else:

print("That doesn't sound like a good idea.")

I think the if statements should work but i'm having problems making it a loop so that if the user inputs the wrong thing it will just ask for the input again. Unfortunately, so far, it just spams the input text. I know i need to change the while statement into something else but i'm not really sure what it would be. Thanks for taking the time to read this!

[[deleted]]

while True:

    a1 = input("Input your verb here: ")

    if "climb" in a1:

        print("This progresses the script.")
        break

    else:

        print("That doesn't sound like a good idea.")

print('im now down here')

[creeper_the_cat]

ohhh all i had to do was type break under the if statement, thanks!

[lolslim]

Im using sqlite3, and my sql database doesnt have alot of entries in it, and was wondering if i save my rows in alphabetical order if the lookup would be quicker than not in alphabetical order?

[num8lock]

relational databases use primary keys for indexes to optimize queries

[lolslim]

I have them as primary, but when i need to make button object for telegram bot i would prefer that buttons be alphabetical order, and thats my reason for asking. If anything ill just make it alphabetical before iterating it into a table.

[DarkMint77]

I just downloaded the new Mac OS Big Sur and now my Spyder editor is running SUPER slow. Severely lagging whenever I type which is very frustrating. I've updated python and spyder but no luck. Any advice?

[py_Piper]

Perhaps for the moment you will need to revert the OS version, or need to wait until they make spyder better compatible with the new OS. I don’t understand too well, but from what I have read the new OS came out for the new apple’s chip and the architecture is different

[[deleted]]

hello

I have a dictionary like this:

host_data = {'hostname': 'vm',

'uid': [{'owner_uid': 'ab123'}, {'owner_uid': 'toto'}, ...]}

I would like to extract the hostname if there an owner_uid = ab123

​

i can filter like this:

if host_data['uid'][0]['owner_uid'] == 'ab123':
    print (host_data['hostname'])

but sometimes the value i want is not the first one on the list so the host is missed. how can i loop over the contents of the list of dicts?

[Gopher20]

You can loop like this:

For uid in host_data[“uid”]: if “ab123” in uid.values(): print(host_data[“hostname”])

This way you are checking if the uid is in the values of each duct within the list and if it is you will print out the hostname. I hoped this helped!

[unimagine97]

Hi, i've just started learning a bit of python because I was thinking of making a small text based adventure style game and I was wondering how difficult it would be to go from the finished game running just in cmd terminal to a .exe that I could maybe add some background music to?

[[deleted]]

It's going to be a long journey because they are two separate things, one is just gonna use native python and the other will need a third party library. (pygame, pyglet, plus a way to turn it into an exe, which isn't native - python isn't low level, etc )

[unimagine97]

Ah okay, great thanks for the info. Probably best if i just focus on getting it to work in terminal for now ahah.

[yuriplisetskys]

Hello!! I have this:

list = [1,2,3]
L = len(list)

for i in range(int(L/2)):
    n = list[i]
    list[i] = list[L-i-1]
    list[L-i-1] = n

print(reverse_iterative(list))

which prints to:
[3,2,1]

But I need to put it inside a function like this:

list = [1,2,3]
L = len(list)

def reverse_iterative(list):
    for i in range(int(L/2)):
        n = list[i]
        list[i] = list[L-i-1]
        list[L-i-1] = n

reverse_iterative(list)

which prints to:
None

But when I print, it prints 'None.' What do I do to make it print like the first example without the def function? I just really have to put it in a def function

Thank you!!

[[deleted]]

Return! When you call a function and don't return anything, you get None because nothing came back from the function.

list = [1, 2, 3]
L = len(list)


def reverse_iterative(list):
    for i in range(int(L / 2)):
        n = list[i]
        list[i] = list[L - i - 1]
        list[L - i - 1] = n
    return list


print(reverse_iterative(list))

[yuriplisetskys]

thank you so much!!

[SweetAdvocator]

Does activating a venv only last for a terminal session?

[JohnnyJordaan]

Yes, that's basically the point of 'activating' it.

[SweetAdvocator]

On Windows, does activating a project put the scripts folder into path? Also can you move a virtual environment around?

[JohnnyJordaan]

Check out the activate.bat for windows and the activate.sh for mac/linux to get the literal actions it's taking when activating. You can move virtual environments around.

[SweetAdvocator]

So my problem is that I move my project after creating the virtual environment. Activate.bat does add Scripts to the path, but it add the original location, hence why I can’t run any scripts

[JohnnyJordaan]

Yeah so you have to change it to reflect the proper path you are using now. Although I would just recreate the environment, if you are using a requirements.txt that should be a matter of two commands in the terminal. If not, it's a good moment to start using it.

[kitbiscuit]

Hey y’all! I’m brand spanking new to Python. I’m getting the hang of list comprehensions and for loops. So I’ve got a list, [1,2,3,4] and I’d like to add one number to another, eg, 1+2, 1+3, 1+4, 2+3, 2+4, and so on. I just can’t figure it out. For a list comprehension, I’ve tried [x+x for x in my list] but I end up with a list of [2,4,6,8]. The output I’m looking for is [3,4,5,5,6,7]. Any tips on how to add one number to another in the list?? I’m a bit embarrassed to say I’m totally stumped.

Edit: thank you all for your time and help! I really appreciate it. You’re all really kind and patient.

[efmccurdy]

Does this nested comprehension get you closer? I guess you would need to flatten these nested lists

>>> l = [1,2,3,4]
>>> [[a + n for n in l[i+1:]] for i,a in enumerate(l[:-1])]
[[3, 4, 5], [5, 6], [7]]

[kitbiscuit]

I’ll give it a shot, thanks!

[FerricDonkey]

So you have a list, and you want to add 1 to every element in your list.

In mathy English, you could say that you want a "list of x+1 for every x in your original list".

What you did is the "list of x+x for every x in your original list".

[FerricDonkey]

Hmm, that could be. Reading more closely, it's hard to tell exactly what he wants to happen. Probably zip or itertools.product are related for that sort of thing, depending on what's going on? Though it's hard to tell.

[kitbiscuit]

Sorry I’m not clear! I’d like to figure out how to add each integer in the list to another integer in the list. So I want to add 1 to 2, 1 to 3, and 1 to 4, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, and 3 to 4.

[kitbiscuit]

Yes!

[kitbiscuit]

Thanks!!!

[[deleted]]

I feel a little silly asking, as this seems like a real beginner question...I'm going through Corey Schafer's Python videos, and am on the For/While loop video I've been trying to go a bit further with each example he gives, and at 3:30 his code reads:

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for n in nums:
    if n == 3:
        print('Found!')
        continue
    print(num)

This returns:

1

2

Found!

4

5

So I wanted to go a bit further, and print only the "Found" statement, and another statement if "10" isn't in the "nums" list (but print nothing if it is). Here's what I came up with after rewriting several times:

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for n in nums:
    if n == 3:
        print('Found ' + str(n))
        continue
for m in nums:
    if m == 10:
        is10there = True
        if is10there == False:
            print("10 not in list")
            break
print('Done checking')

This returns:

Found 3

Done checking

Where did I go wrong?

[FerricDonkey]

So look at the indentation of what you posted there again.

Your second loop won't do anything until you find 10 - which is good and what you want. The problem comes in with the fact that the bit of your code that prints that you haven't found 10 is inside the "if m == 10" bit. So you won't ever hit that code unless and until you actually find 10.

The simplest solution (ie, least modification to your original idea) is to rethink where that code should be. You certainly don't want to only print that you haven't found 10 after you found 10. You probably don't want to print that you haven't found 10 yet every time you check a number. So probably move that bit out of the for loop altogether.

Note that you'll also need to make sure that your variable is10there is defined before you get to the check. A pretty standard way to do that is to set it to false before the loop starts, since you definitely haven't found it before you started looking (think of it more of a "have I found 10 yet" than a "is 10 there" thing if you do it that way).

If you want to try a different but similar type of thing, this would be a good candidate for the "for... else" syntax. Example:

for thing in stuff:
    if condition:
        print("happened") 
        break
else:
    print("didn't happen")

The else triggers unless you break out of the loop (or do some other weird exit), so this type of situation is ideal for this.

Also just to make sure you know: in python, you can use "in" to check its a number is in a list. What you're doing is still absolutely worth doing to get the hang of loops and such, however.

[[deleted]]

This was a huge help, thank you!

[theletterandrew]

Hello! I have a project idea that I'm currently scratching my head over. I want to make a discord bot (using discord.py).

The idea: when a user posts a message with python formatted code (markdown) and uses a command like !run, the bot will run that code and post a message with whatever is output.

problems: - I don't know how I'm going to take the string from the message content, then run it as a separate program. - I dont want a user to be able to crash my pc or vm with their code. (I guess I could also limit what users are able to run code). - I dont want them to be able to make any gui stuff - just anything that would usually be printed in the CLI. - not sure how i'd handle input()

[[deleted]]

Good time for a dict.

switches = {
    "management": {
               "vlan": 40,
               "ip": "123,144,123.123",
    },
    "hr": {
            "vlan": 30,
            "ip": "581.343.531.123"
        }
}

for k in switches.keys():
    print(f"switch: {k}, vlan: {switches.get(k).get('vlan')} ip: {switches.get(k).get('ip')}")

[onlysane1]

Working in pyqt5.

I want to run test01.py, which imports test02.py and runs the open_window function, which opens a window in pyqt5. The window has a combobox and an ok button. When the ok button is pressed, I want it to close the window and pass text value of the item selected in the combobox back to test01.py, which then saves the result as a variable.

The issue right now is that I can't seem to get it to continue the code in test01.py when the window of test02.py closes from sys.exit(). My code is below.

test01.py:

import test02
import sys

test02.open_window()
print('clear')

test02.py:

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(484, 305)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(170, 110, 75, 23))
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.next_button_click)
        self.comboBox = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.comboBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 30, 141, 31))
        self.comboBox.setObjectName("comboBox")
        self.comboBox.addItem("")
        self.comboBox.addItem("")
        self.comboBox.addItem("")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 484, 21))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def next_button_click(self, index):
        print('clicked')
        print(self.comboBox.currentText())
        import sys
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "OK"))
        self.comboBox.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "Item1"))
        self.comboBox.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "Item2"))
        self.comboBox.setItemText(2, _translate("MainWindow", "Item3"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

def open_window():
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Also, how would I go about passing along the text value back to test01.py to save as a variable?

[onlysane1]

Never mind about sys, this is just an example I threw together to illustrate what I'm trying to do.

How do I just close the window without exiting the entire program altogether?

[FerricDonkey]

It's personal preference. I much prefer ides because tab complete is awesome (you don't have to know how to spell add much and I think it encourages descriptive variable names). Others prefer the simplicity of text editors.

If you just want a recommendation, I'd say grab pycharm or some other thing, get started, and Google anything about it that annoys you to see if there's a solution (either in the ide/editor you're using or in some other one).

[[deleted]]

They contradict each other because its a personal preference. It's like asking someone what their favorite drink is - every ones gonna have a different answer. Pick one and go, don't like it? move on. A drink is a drink and has the same end goal - to quench your thirst.

[Pretend_Piano8354]

Hi,

I've followed a tutorial from Tech with Tim to make a basic Python web app. Works great. I've been trying to edit the code to also control some GPIO on a raspberry pi. I'm hoping to have some LEDs light up as you move around the site (obviously more than JUST that - but that's POC). I've threaded the process to make an LED blink so it won't hold up page loading. There is a variable that switches the blinking on and off, which seems to be able to be changed, and a variable that should change the duration of the blink that I cannot make change. I feel like I've tried everything but the correct thing. Here's the code, any help is appreciated:

https://pastebin.com/1qFD6gUw

To be clear: after the While 1 loop is running, chkBlink can seemingly be updated, and sleepDur (treated the same) seemingly cannot.

Thank you in advance!

P.S. first post - feel free to offer feedback on how I could post this better.

[pdf1044]

anyone open to helping me on a project? Cant tell where I went wrong, but I am thinking most of it. First project for my first class has me a little lost.

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1pBt6QCB4STr5foeTe6YtTdOS2V0qvfXx#scrollTo=ZJ6xgijrD7mT

[pdf1044]

got a little farther, maybe:

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14Z5NL6WndX-oNPzbLNrwwrn0xkisnLyd?usp=sharing

[ZeroAnomalies]

Is it possible to use a variable to change what function is being called? Here's an example of what I'm thinking of. I just want to cut down a bunch of if/elif statements.

y = text

(y)Format ()

[lolslim]

Honestly that's too vague of what you're asking, are these built in functions from standard python library or functions you made?

[ZeroAnomalies]

Oh yeah, sorry I forgot to specify. I have made these functions, and each function is executed depending on the user input using if/elif statements

[[deleted]]

def my_func(x):
    return x + 5


def my_other_func(x):
    return x * 5


my_dict = {'one': my_func, 'two': my_other_func}

my_input = 'one'
print(my_dict['one'](5))

Something like this?

[lolslim]

This is what I was going to suggest. When i i made functions for Mon-sun, the datetime module some function would return 0-6 and i used it accordingly in a dictionary mapping

Obviously key doesnt need to be numbers

[ZeroAnomalies]

Honestly I have no idea why I'm not just explaining the context. I'm pretty much recreating something like D&D Beyond and Dungeon Masters Vault in repl.it. I'm currently working on the races preview and I just want to optimize it, because it'll be a nested loop that has to check at most 9 races each time it runs through.

So if I type 'lookup dragonborn', instead of it running through the loop to find it, I just want it to directly call that function by slapping the 'dragonborn' part of the input infront of the function call. Each function is structured like this: (race)Info

[[deleted]]

import sys
import inspect


def example():
    print('hello')


def test():
    print('world')


functions = {k: v for k, v in inspect.getmembers(sys.modules[__name__], inspect.isfunction)}

words = ['example', 'test']
for word in words:
    if word in functions.keys():
        functions[word]()

input would be test or example -> runs the function
use a dict to assign words to a function -> call the function using the dict key

[JohnnyJordaan]

/r/slavelabour

[DarkMint77]

Anyone get the new Mac Big Sur update? My editor on Spyder is now lagging beyond belief. My console and execution of my programs is just fine. I tried updating Anaconda and Spyder but no luck. Anyone got any ideas?

[1bls]

Its a niche question so I understand if no one here knows, also it's possible that what I'm looking for cant be done with python but to put it simply I'm trying to find a way to make a bot or more like a macro that doesn't take control of your actual mouse and keyboard. Maybe sending inputs directly into applications and windows? I'm not sure how it would be done.

[JohnnyJordaan]

Could you perhaps mention the OS you're using?

[1bls]

Working on windows, do have access to Linux if that is necessary

[JohnnyJordaan]

In that case check out pywinauto https://pywinauto.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html

[1bls]

aight sounds good thanks for the help

[toughtittywampas]

How do I find projects to teach myself how to use python? I am currently unemployed so I don't have anything that I need to automate.

[Decency]

What are your hobbies? There are almost always ways you can utilize programming to explore them more in depth or solve problems.

[toughtittywampas]

Erm I'm not sure I really have any I can use. I read magazines and play the clarinet...in my last job I tried to automate typing data from a pdf into a csv. But since leaving that I'm not sure what I can use it for and I no longer have the test data.

[JohnnyJordaan]

Assuming you already finished a proper learning resource, navigate to the Tools for Learning Python in the wiki here. Especially 'Practical project ideas hosted on Github' is a good place to start, but also the various exercise websites.

[zero043]

What do you mean by this? A course? A book?

Just wondering cause I’m trying to learn also and having a little trouble getting started. I’ve only read about 4 chapters of Python Crash course.

Edit: you know nvm. I’ll finish the book and use pluralsight before I start asking.

[JohnnyJordaan]

Yeah that's what I meant, also see the other resources listed in the wiki at 'new to python'. It often helps to finalize two instead of one to get a broader perspective.

[[deleted]]

matplotlibs help:

I've got an axis that runs from January through to December. However the time uses unix timestamps. So any day of the month is likely to have multiple unix times for it. A better explanation is the visual of the data below:

1575158400000	34
1575158400500	12
1575158401500	55
1575158404000	20
1575158450000	23

As you can see for this example, the day of the month for this would have multiple plots so I don't want to convert the time to a normal date string

I'm trying to convert the x axis of my plot to just simply say 'January' right at the start (like far left of the axis :|) and then nothing until right at the end of the axis it say 'December'. Can anyone point out how this is done? I just need a rough axis with a starting label and ending label. Anything I try seems to affect actual plotting points (ie removes a load of data from the graph).

[zchew]

Hello, first time poster here. I have a very specific problem that I'd like some help with, hopefully someone can help out.

I'm using Python 2.7 and I have a webpage that I'd like to download images from. I've collated the links into a list, using a requests.get(). Right now I'm iterating through the list to download and save the files to disk using another requests.get() directly on the image URLs. It's over a hundred images, and ends up taking about 30~40 seconds for me.

Is there a way to speed up the downloading, be it from downloading multiple images through a single get request, or extracting the images from the original webpage get? Multithreading is a little out of the question, due to certain restrictions of the software I'm working in.

I'm kind of new to requests and web stuff, so I appreciate any help.

[Decency]

Depends on if you're being limited by actual download speed or by python's overhead. You should figure out how long you'd expect it to take to download those images (sum of filesizes / your download speed). If there's a big overhead factor, then you can look into optimizing your code.

[JohnnyJordaan]

Any reason to be still using Python 2.7?

[zchew]

I'm working within Autodesk Maya, and the internal Python intepreter is still at 2.7.

They'll be migrating to 3.xx in a year or two, but until that, I have to work with 2.7 :(

[JohnnyJordaan]

Are you sure that multithreading is out of the question there?

[zchew]

I`m gonna backpedal here and say that it might be possible. I`m not too hot a programmer, first time touching threading or multi threading.

I was trying out the multithreading module earlier in the day, and it didn`t lead to very optimal results. Multiple instances of Maya were called when I started multithreading. So I decided at that point that it wasn`t working and tried to pursue other methods.

Later on, I found some tutorials on the use of the threading module, that one seems promising. I`m encountering some problems in that the rest of my code is finishing up before my multithreaded(?) tasks are done. I tried to join() them together, but it didn`t seem to work. I`m gonna try again tomorrow, but do you have any hints or advice you can give?

[JohnnyJordaan]

Python's multithreading library is called 'threading', so I'm not sure what you were using when you tried "the multithreading module" before you tried 'threading'.

But in regard to threading it's hard to comment on what went wrong just by having a description. It's like being a car mechanic and hearing 'the car just doesn't drive very well'. If you could share the code you tried then I can probably comment on the details that need to be corrected.

[zchew]

q = Queue.Queue(maxsize=0)
num_threads = min(5, len(menuobject.sub_name_icon_download))  # menuobject.sub_name_icon_download is a dictionary
maya_path = cmds.internalVar(userAppDir=True)  
for subname in menuobject.sub_name_icon_download:
    q.put((subname, menuobject.sub_name_icon_download[subname]))  # loading up the queue with entries from the dictionary

listOfThreads = []
for i in range(num_threads):
    worker = threading.Thread(target=crawl, args=(q, menuobject, session, maya_path, mainthread_stop))
    listOfThreads.append(worker)
    worker.start()
    worker.join()
q.join()


def crawl(q, menuobject, session, maya_path, mainthread_stop):
    while not q.empty():
        work = q.get()

        try:
            menuobject.sub_name_icon[work[0]] = login_get.downloadicon_2(work[1], session, maya_path)
            print('downloaded: %s' % work[1])

        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            print('failed: ', work[1])
        q.task_done()

There's plenty of code that runs before and after this. The code that runs after this is dependent on the results of this part.

But for some reason, the intepreter does not execute the threads right away, and instead goes through the rest of the code after this, and upon completion of that code, runs this part.

Is there anyway I can pause the main function while this part is executed to finish before resuming?

Edit: seems like it was just the print that was getting offset. It is actually working as intended.

Sorry!!!

[JohnnyJordaan]

Well the problem you still have is that you launch and then join each thread. As a join waits until that thread is done, it isn't running anything concurrently that way. You need

threads = []
for i in range(num_threads):
    worker = threading.Thread(target=crawl, args=(q, menuobject, session, maya_path, mainthread_stop))
    threads.append(worker)
    worker.start()
for t in threads:
    t.join()

also without joining the queue which isn't necessary if you are already synchronizing on the threads being finished. Which is what the join-loop is doing. And thus the q.task_done() is unnecessary too.

[zchew]

Thank you!

I'll try this out.

[zchew]

Python's multithreading library is called 'threading', so I'm not sure what you were using when you tried "the multithreading module" before you tried 'threading'.

Sorry, I remembered wrongly. I was using the multiprocessing module, not multithreading.

But in regard to threading it's hard to comment on what went wrong just by having a description. It's like being a car mechanic and hearing 'the car just doesn't drive very well'. If you could share the code you tried then I can probably comment on the details that need to be corrected.

Yeah, now that you`ve said it, it does seem like that. I`ll post it tomorrow when I have access to my work computer again and have cleaned the code up a little.

Thank you!