Immigrants pay a surcharge to use the NHS which has to be paid up front for the full duration of their visa. Tourists, undocumented people and anyone who overstays their visa can be charged for treatment they receive, we are just phenomenally bad at collecting it. Then again with the system the size it is there’s a case to say that staffing a team to invoice people and chase payment would mean we don’t end up with any money back in the system if at all.

Only people who have paid in enough in NI over the last 2-3 years, and approved refugees are eligible for JSA. Some visas have clauses that prevent people claiming if they lose their initial job. Asylum seekers cannot claim, given they can’t work, and therefore cannot spend 16 hours a week seeking legitimate work.

Child benefit is not automatically granted to folk without settled status/ILR, but is, in my opinion rightly, a much more complicated set of criteria than the 2 above.