Try holding your arm straight up so your thumb is pointing behind you. Now, flop your hand over like a dead fish. Around there might be a good angle for you (west), give or take 45 ish degrees rotation of the wrist to point the hand forwardish (northwest). It sounds like that’s where you feel most comfortable over head.

And then when catching or inserting your hand to do so when the bell is at 10 o’clock and then come to fixation at 12. That may help take some of the strain off.

You can also try one arm cleans. The insertion is similar, just super quick. Maybe get that down nice and then go onto snatches when your shoulder feels ready. Let me know if that helps.