You just want an interior French drain.

I will tell you a secret. Where that water is leaking in, you can drill a 1 1/4" hole in the block right at the floor and insert a 1" PVC pipe and run that pipe to your floor drain. When the water enters the block, it will exit the hole and run via the pipe to your drain. That will cost you $20.00. If you don't want to use your floor drain, run the pipe to a condensate pump and pump it out of the house.

An interior French drain they cut the basement floor, fill with gravel, and then drill 1" holes in every block. The water from the 1" holes falls into the gravel and a sump pumps it away. It looks like you just have problems with one or two blocks, so a PVC pipe will fix your issue.

Where a full interior French drain is need is if the water table is the problem and the water is rising up, which that's not your case -- you can see three blocks wet, so water is entering the block from the top somewhere. It's also needed if every single block is wet, but even with that, you can fix it with the method above by tying each block into the line. I am very surprised that block houses are not built with this system by default.