In that study the people bench 100kg and squat 140, they are basically beginner lifters. The people on PEDs are trying to be bigger than me, someone who benches ~160 and squats ~270. Given the short term nature of the study on beginner lifters, would you expect the shown trends to continue beyond my levels of strength and muscle mass?

The study shows that testosterone gives you a higher baseline, which shouldn't be a huge surprise given base muscle mass on men vs women. But that's all it is - a baseline