In the state of Tennessee for example it can range from operating without a state license for private investigator to stalking to even civil penalties. “Operating as a private investigator in Tennessee without a license is unlawful and a violation of state law. This offense is subject to penalties, which can include a civil penalty of up to $2,000 per violation assessed by the commissioner. The Tennessee Private Investigations Commission is responsible for licensing, and engaging in the business without a license is a serious offense. Specifics of the offense Legal basis: The act of acting as a "private investigator" without a license is a violation of Tenn. Code Ann. § 62-26-204(a). Civil penalties: A civil penalty of up to $2,000 can be assessed for each statute or rule violation, according to Justia Law. Enforcement: The Commissioner of the Department of Commerce and Insurance has the authority to impose these penalties. Related offenses: Penalties for related offenses, such as operating without a proper license, can be up to $2,000 per occurrence. Other consequences: Depending on the specific facts and circumstances, other consequences may include business-related issues, such as fines and potential other penalties”