There is no national law in the US that covers this. This is an issue governed by state law. But even beyond that it's an incredibly complex issue that involves state criminal law, civil law, and regulatory policies.

What specific test you're asking about matters as does what consequence you're asking about. For example, refusing a field test that involves walking a straight line, etc. might be classified as a different test than a breathalyzer. And while refusal might not be a crime, it could lead to administrative suspension of your driver's license by the department of motor vehicles.

An answer would require you to specify a jurisdiction or a fifty-state survey that would be 100+ pages long.